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Weather Factors chp2
Prentice Hall Chapter 2 Weather and Climate
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electromagnetic waves | a form of energy that can travel through space. |
| radiation | The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. |
| infrared radiation | a form of enery with wavelengths that are longer than visible light. |
| ultraviolet radiation | a form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light. |
| scattering | relection of light in all directions. |
| greenhouse effect | the process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gaese that form a "blanket" around Earth. |
| thermal energy | the total energy of motion in the molecules of a substance. |
| heat | the energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one. |
| conduction | the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another susbstance that it is touching. |
| convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid. |
| wind | the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. |
| anemometer | an instrument used to measure wind speed |
| wind-chill factor | increased cooling caused by the wind |
| local wind | winds that blow over short distances. |
| sea breeze | the flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land. |
| land breeze | the flow of air from land to a body of water |
| monsoon | sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons. |
| global wind | winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances |
| Coriolis effect | the way Earth's rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left. |
| latitude | the distance from the equator, measured in degrees. |
| jet stream | bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface |
| evaporation | the process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor. |
| humidity | a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. |
| relative humidity | the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature. |
| psychrometer | An instrument used to measure relative humidity, consisting of a wet-bulb thermometer and a dry-bulb thermometer. |
| cumulus | Clouds that form less than 2 kilometers above the ground and look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton. |
| condensation | the process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water. |
| stratus | clouds that form in flat layers |
| dew point | the temperature at which condensation begins. |
| cirrus | wispy, feathery clouds made mostly of ice crystals that form at high levels, above about 6 kilometers. |
| precipitation | any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface |
| rain gauge | an instrument that measures the amount of percipitation that has fallen to Earth's surface. An open-ended can topped by a collecting funnel and having a collecting tube and measuring scale inside. |
| drought | long periods of low precipitation - no rain, no snow, no hail, no sleet |
| temperature | the average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance. |
Created by:
melaniebird
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