click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Evolution
7th Grade Evolution Test
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Theory | explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledge resulting from many observations and experiments |
Hypothesis | a prediction that can be tested |
Natural Selection | a process by which organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce; includes concepts of variation, overproduction, and competition |
Variation | an inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of the same species and results from a mutation in the organism’s genes |
Adaptation | any variation that makes an organism more suited to its environment |
Evolution | change in inherited characteristics over time |
Biodiversity | the sum total of all the living things on the planet |
Galapagos Islands | small islands off the coast of Ecuador which Darwin visited, he viewed many different species there which helped shape his theory of evolution by natural selection |
Charles Darwin | naturalist considered the ‘father of evolution’, studied the similarities between organisms to form his theory of evolution by natural selection |
HMS Beagle | the ship that Darwin sailed around the world on, left England in December 1831 |
On the Origin of Species | Darwin developed his theory of evolution years after returning home from his voyage, his thoughts on evolution by natural selection are included in this book, which he authored |
Common Ancestor | The nearest evolutionary relative for a group of organisms |
Embryology | The branch of biology that deals with the formation, early growth, and development of living organisms |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the molecule from living organisms that is used to identify similarities among species |
Sedimentary Rocks | Rock that is formed when layers of sand, slit , clay or mud are compacted and cemented together or when minerals are deposited from a solution; Limestone, sandstone and shale are examples; Fossils are found more often in these types of rocks |
Fossils | The preserved remains of a living organism preserved as a cast or as an impression |
Radioactive Element | Gives off a steady stream of radiation as it slowly changes into a non-radioactive element; Gives scientists a more accurate picture of when in history certain rock layers were formed |
Relative Dating | In undisturbed areas, younger rock layers are deposited on top of older rock layers; Provides only an estimate of a fossil’s age Estimate by comparing layers both above and below fossils |
Radiometric Dating | The process of using radioactive elements in the earth to determine the approximate age of rock layers and the fossils within them |
Analogous Structures | adaptations that have a similar function, but not a similar evolutionary past.; For example – many insects, birds, and even mammals have wings. They do not have a close common ancestor |
Homologous Structures | Body parts that are similar in function and evolutionary origin For example – the arm bones of humans, frogs, and even bats have similar structures arranged in different ways, leading us to assume they have a common ancestor |
Vestigial Structures | Structures in the body that don’t appear to have a function They do help us to understand evolution and common ancestry For example – ear muscles on humans once helped our ancestors rotate their ears to hear better, today we can just wiggle our ears! |
Survival of the Fittest | In his theory of natural selection, which is discussed in greater detail later, Charles Darwin suggested that this was the basis for organic evolution (the change of living things with time). |