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Ch. 1
Adventures in Japanese 3
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ことわざ | proverb |
| 十人十[じゅうにんと]いろ | lit. "10 men 10 colors" (can be interpreted as "many men, many tastes") |
| かえるの子はかえる | lit. "a frog's child is a frog" (similar to "the apple doesn't fall far from the tree." Also can be interpreted as "parents should not expect more of their children than they themselves can achieve") |
| ねこにこばん | lit. "to give gold to a cat" (similar to "to cast pearls before swine") |
| さるも木からおちる | lit. "even monkeys fall from trees" (can be interpreted as "anyone can make a mistake") |
| 三日ぼうず | lit. "a monk for 3 days" (describes an unsteady and unreliable worker, or someone who is unable to stick with something) |
| ばかにつけるくすりはない | lit. "there is no medicine for stupidity; there is no cure for an idiot" |
| いしの上にも三年 | lit. "even a stone will get warm if you sit on it for 3 years" (can be interpreted as "any obstacle can be overcome with perseverance") |
| となりのはなはあかい | lit. "the flowers next door are red" (similar to "the grass is greener on the other side") |
| はなよりだんご | lit. "dumplings instead of flowers" (can be interpreted as "physical needs come before aesthetic ideals") |
| まけるがかち | lit. "a defeat is a win" |
| 海[うみ]よりふかい母のあい | lit. "a mother's love is deeper than the ocean" |
| ちりもつもれば山となる | lit. "even dust amassed will make a mountain" (can be interpreted as "a large goal can be achieved through many small efforts") |
| 漢 | [カン] China (during Han Dynasty) |
| 字 | [ジ] character, writing |
| 姉 | [あね, ねえ] older sister |
| 妹 | [いもうと] younger sister |
| 兄 | [あに, に] older brother |
| 弟 | [おとうと] younger brother |
| 朝 | [あさ, チョウ] morning |
| 昼 | [ひる, チュウ] daytime |
| 明(るい) | [あか(るい)] is bright |
| 去 | [キョ] past |
| 銀 | [ギン] silver |
| 仕 | [シ] to serve |
| 父 | [ちち, とう, フ] father |
| 母 | [はは, かあ, ボ] mother |
| 先 | [セン, さき] first; previous |
| 家族 | [かぞく] family |
| 友達 | [ともだち] friend |
| 質問 | [しつもん] question |
| 答え | [こたえ] answer |
| 宿題 | [しゅくだい] homework |
| 試験 | [しけん] exam |
| 昨日 | [きのう] yesterday |
| (ご)兄弟 | [(ご)きょうだい] siblings (go adds politeness) |
| ホストファミリー | host family |
| お父さま | father (polite) |
| お仕事 | [おしごと] job (polite) |
| 銀行 | [ぎんこう] bank |
| 去年 | [きょねん] last year |
| 上手 | [じょうず] skillful |
| 下手 | [へた] unskillful |
| 苦手 | [にがて] be poor at |
| 犬もあるけばぼうにあたる | lit. "even dogs run into sticks/poles" [can be interpreted as "good/bad luck comes unexpectedly."] |
| 祖父 | [そふ] one's own grandfather |
| 祖母 | [そぼ] one's own grandmother |
| 叔父 | [おじ] uncle |
| 叔母 | [おば] aunt |
| ようちえん | kindergarten |
| 物り | [ぶつり] physics |
| か学 | [かがく] chemistry |
| りか | science |
| 文学 | [ぶんがく] literature |
| れきし | history |
| (schoolを)そつぎょうする | to graduate from school |
| せんこうする | to major (in) |
| ~しか + Neg. | nothing/nobody/no~ but~; only~ [immediately follows the word being emphasized; suggests fewness or exclusiveness; replaces を, が, は, replaces or follows へ and に, and follows で, と, から, まで, etc. かかる may be used w/ しか but not だけ] |
| こちらこそ。 | It is I, (not you.) [emphasis] |
| 行って来ます。 | Used by a family member who leaves home for the day. |
| 行ってらっしゃい。 | Used by a family member who sees off another family member for the day. |
| ただいま。 | I'm home. [Used by family member who has come home] |
| お帰りなさい。 | Welcome home. [Used by a family member when welcoming another family member home] |
| おやすみ(なさい)。 | Good night. |
| お先[さき]に。 | Excuse me for going/doing something first. |
| しつれいします。 | Excuse me, I must be going now.[lit. "I will be rude"]/Excuse me for interrupting. |
| しつれいしました。 | I am sorry to have inconvenienced you/ for the rude act I have committed. |
| 人じん | carrot |
| Verb OO form | Let's do~; Shall we do~? [informal version of the ~ましょう form] |
| だろう | probably is [informal version of でしょう] |
| 朝食[ちょうしょく] | breakfast |
| 昼食[ちゅうしょく] | lunch |
| 夕食[ゆうしょく] | dinner; supper |
| 何でも | anything |
| いつでも | anytime |
| どこでも | anywhere |
| ~の。 | Female sentence ending particle in informal speech (also used by children); expresses emphasis or emotion, or used as a question marker instead of か when uttered with a rising intonation. When used w/ の, な replaces だ. |
| ~か/かい? | Male informal sentence ending particle; だ is omitted before either particle. |
| Verb て form +くれ | Male informal form of 下さい. |
| ~って | Informal/ conversational form of quotation particle と. |
| かえる | to change |
| つかう | to use |
| Noun 1の Noun 2 | の separates a modifier from the noun it modifies, or is used in situations where the 1st noun clarifies or helps define the 2nd noun (ex: ともだちのみちこ= my friend Michiko). |
| Occupationを している。 | lit. "doing the work of (occupation)" |
| Interrogative Noun(+へ, に, で, と, から, etc.)でも+ Affirmative Predicate。 | When でも is attached to a question word and followed by a affirmative ending, を, が, and は are not used. Other particles precede でも. |
| Interrogative Noun(+へ, に, で, と, から, etc.)も+ Negative Predicate。 | When a question word is followed by も and a negative predicate, を, が, and は do not appear before も. |
| Verb て form +る | い is often dropped from います/ いる in informal speech when it follows the て form of a verb. Should not be used in formal writing. |
| ~わ。 | Female sentence ending particle; adds softness to the message of the sentence, and may express light assertion; used in both formal and informal speech. |
| ~ぞ/~ぜ/~さ/~よ。 | Used in informal male speech only; expresses assertion & means "I tell you," "You know." だ is used after nouns and な adj. before ぞ, ぜ, and よ. |
| わ/の+ よ/ね。 | わ and の may precede よ and ね in informal female speech; adds a degree of softness to a sentence. |
Created by:
robinav
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