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Production Exam 1
Water certification exam questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the characterics of ground water?*** | Harder than surface water, less turbidity, less suspended solids, more dissolved solids, less color and much less microbial contamination |
| What are the characteristics of surface water?*** | Softer, more turbidity, more suspended solids, less dissolved solids, more color, much more microbial contamination |
| Name some ground water pollutants: | Leaking underground tanks, leaking sewers, and land fills in recharge areas |
| Name some surface water pollutants: | Algae blooms, toxic waste from discharges into rivers, sewage plants and pesticide run off from agriculture |
| What types of pumps are used in water production? | Centrifugal, piston, rotary and chemical feed |
| What are cavitations?*** | Water boiling inside the pump due to low pressure. |
| What is the relationship between capacity and head in a pump? | Capacity is the amount of fluid a pump can move. Head is the height that a pump can raise fluid vertically. |
| How is water collected from surface and water facilities? | By using pumps or hydraulic lifts |
| What is Ohms Law? | The mathematical relationship between voltage, current, and resistance |
| What two forms does electric appear in? | AC (alternating current) & DC (direct current) |
| Why is disinfection needed?*** | To kill microbes and pathogens to a safe level |
| What are some methods of disinfection? | Chlorination (most widely used), chloramines (chlorine plus ammonia), chlorine dioxide (chlorine and sodium chlorite), ultraviolet (used on mostly on waste water), ozone (requires gas prep unit and a power source) |
| Name two disinfectant test procedures: | N,N-diethyl-phenyene-diamine (DPD) Sample turns pink if cl2 is present. Amperometric titration is the most accurate. |
| What is the purpose of a well and an intake structure? | To pull and store water for a power plant from a local water source, usually a river or dam (intake structure) or from an excavated hole in the ground (well) |
| How are wells and intake structures different and how are they the same? | Differences: Intake structures use surface water, wells use ground water Similarities: They both store water to be used for drinking and other purposes |
| Tablets used to neutralize the chlorine residual are called.*** | Sodium Thiosulfate |
| What is a rotometer used for?*** | To MEASURE the flow of chlorine |
| What is a chlorinator used for? | To regulate the flow of chlorine |
| What is CT Value or Contact Vallue | The chlorine residual in ppm times the contact time in minutes. |
| What are cross connections?*** | Any connection through which contaminants can enter the potable water system |
| What is the difference between direct and indirect cross connection? | Direct cross connections are subject to back pressure (impurities blown/pushed into the system) Indirect cross connections are not subject to back pressure (impurities sucked/pulled into the system) |
| How do you prevent cross connections? | Implement a backflow prevention program, educate the distribution system's personnel and the public, and install back flow preventers where needed |
| What are the hazards of cross connections?*** | Fluids other than potable water can enter into the distribution system. These fluids can contain radioactive materials, toxins and diseases. |
| What are the various types of storage facilities?*** | Elevated, stand pipe, and clear wells |
| What is a water shed? | An area of land that feeds all the water running under it and draining off of it into a larger body of water. |
| How does topography effect water? | Topography determines where and how water flows |
| What is the disadvantage of UV disinfectant? | It leaves no residual |
| What is anthracite?*** | Filter media made from coal |
| What does Red color in water indicate?*** | Iron |
| What two chemicals are used to flouridate water? | Hydroflousilic acid and sodium flourite |
| Depression produced in the water table is called?*** | The cone of depression |
| Small water meters have an accuracy of | + or - 1.5% to + or - 3% |
| List 3 types of water storage facilities: | Elevated tank, clear wells, stand pipe |
| What does MCL & MCLG stand for?*** | Maximum Contaminant Level & Maximum Contaminant Level Goal |
| A the Operator Certification Act is act number______ of ________ Title number_______ and section number_______*** | Act number 538 of 1972 Title number 48 Section number 40 |
| What is unidirectional flushing? | To work outwards in one direction |
| How many times can a lead gasket for a chlorinator be used*** | One time |
| How many turns does it take to fully open a chlorine bottle?*** | One turn |
| How many feet should fire hydrants be located apart?*** | 500 feet |
| How many feet apart should shut off valves be?*** | 1000 feet |
| The type of fire hydrant most often used is a:*** | Dry barrel |
| A valve used to regulate flow is a | Globe valve |
| Road signs in a work zone should be:*** | 200 feet apart |
| Types of tastes and odors produced by algae include: | Fishy, aromatic, grassy, septic, musty and earthy |
| What is a lock out warning tag and when should they be used? | Required by OSHA; MUST be used on equipment is that can unexpectedly start or release stored energy |
| How many hours can a employee can be exposed to a noise level of 85 decibels without ear protection? | 8 hours |
| What should always be used beside excavations near roads? | Baracades |
| How many people are needed to enter a confined space? | 3 (a supervisor to sign off and two workers) |
| Who is responsible for an emergency operation plan? | The Utility Manager |
| List five corrosive chemicals? | Chlorine, Hydrochloric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, and Calcium Hypochlorite. |
| How deep does an excavation has to be before it requires shoring?*** | 5 feet |
| How far should ladders extend above excavations?*** | 2.5 to 3 feet |
| A ladder must be with within how many feet of a worker at all times?**" | 25 feet |
| All excavations difficult to enter or exit must have what?*** | Ladders |
| Sweat plus chlorine gas makes what? | Hydrochloric acid |
| How does Aluminium sulfate also known as Alum effect pH | It lowers the pH greatly |
| The regent used to determine pH with a chlorometer: | Phenol red |
| The zeolite process is regenerated using?*** | Brine |
| Manganese greensand filters are used to remove: | Manganese and iron |
| What is the desired amount of fluoride in water? | 1 ppm |
| How many degrees should three packing rings be staggered apart?**" | 120 degrees |
| What is a multimeter used for? | Measuring volts, amps and ohms |
| How many pounds of chlorine should be pulled from a 150 pound bottle a day? | 40 pounds |
| A multi stage pump can create a lot of what? | Head pressure |
| What does CFR mean? | Code of Federal Regulations |
| Chloramines is a combination of what two chemicals?***and | Chlorine plus Ammonia |
| What are the two forms of chloramines? | Monochloramines and Dichloramines |
| What are the advantages of chloramines? | Chloramines reduces the formation of DPDs, carries a stable residual throughout system and help reduce taste and odor in water |
| What's the disadvantages of chloramines? | Not as effective as chlorine |
| Name 3 methods of chlorination and their advantages and disadvantages: | Chlorine Gas - adv: cheap and easy to use disadv: dangerous but safer then gas/ Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH) granular & gor swimming pools- adv: dangerous dis adv: expensive Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) adv: safer than gas disadv: expensive |
| What does PEL mean? What is the PEL for chlorine gas | Permissible Exposure Limit; 0.5 ppm |
| What does IDHL mean? what is the IDHL for chlorine gas? | Inherently/Immediately Dangerous to Health and Life; 10 ppm |
| What chemicals are used to absorb chlorine spills? | Caustic soda or hydrated lime |
| To avoid freezing chlorine gas you should never do this: | Don't over feed |
| Never use this around chlorine: | Grease or oil (petroleum products) |
| Any thing below the top of the ground water table is called; | The ZONE OF SATURATION |
| Never go into a room containing chlorine gas without one of these? | Self Contained Breathing Apparatus or SCBA |
| What is the disadvantage of UV disinfectant? | It leaves no residual |
| What is anthracite? | Filter media from coal |
| How often should small water meters should be tested? | Every 5 to 10 years |
| What two chemicals are used to fluoridated water? | Hydroflousilic acid and sodium flourite |
| A depression produced in the water table is called? | The cone of depression |
| How often should large water meters be tested? | Every 1 to 4 years |
| List 3 types of water storage facilities: | Elevated tank, clear wells and stand pipe |
| What does MCL & MCLG stand for? | Maximum Contaminant Level & Maximum Contaminant Level Goal |
| What is unidirectional flushing ? | To work outwards in one direction |
| How many times can a lead gasket for a chlorinator be used ? | One time |
| How many turns does it take to fully open a chlorine bottle ? | One turn |
| How many feet should Fire hydrants be located apart ? | 500 feet |
| How many feet apart should shut off valves be ? | 1,000 feet |
| The type of fire hydrant most often used is a ? | Dry barrel |
| A valve used to regulate flow is a? | Globe valve |
| Road signs in a work zone should be how many feet apart? | 200 feet |
| What is a lock out warning tag and when should they be used? | Required by OSHA; Must be used on equipment is that can unexpectedly start or release stored energy |
| How many hours can an employee be exposed to a noise level of 85 decibels without ear protection? | 8 hours |
| What should be used beside excavations near roads? | Baricades |
| How many people are needed to enter a confined space? | 3 people (a supervisor to sign off and two workers) |
| Who is responsible for an emergency operation plan? | The utility manager |
| List five corrosive chemicals. | Chlorine, Hypochloric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, and Calcium Hypochlorite |
| How deep does excavation have to be before it require shoring? | 5 feet |
| How far should ladders extend above excavations? | 2.5 to 3 feet |
| A ladder must be within how many feet of a worker at all times | 25 feet |
| All excavations difficult to enter or exit must have what? | A ladder |
| Sweat plus chlorine gas makes what? | Hydrochloric acid |
| How does aluminum sulfate also known as alum effect pH? | It lowers the pH greatly |
| What regeant is used to determine pH with a chlorometer? | More than 12 inches |
| What year did the SAFE DRINING WATER ACT pass? | 1974 |
| Manganese green sand filters are used to remove? | 10 feet or 1 foot verticle |
| What is the desired amount of fluoride in water? | 1 ppm |
| How many degrees should three packing rings be staggered? | 120 degrees |
| What is a multimeter used for? | Measuring volts, amps, and ohms |
| How many pounds of chlorine should be pulled from a 150 pound bottle a day? | 40 pounds |
| A multi-stage pump can create a lot of what? | Head pressure |
| What does CFR mean? | Code of Federal Regulations |
| Chloramines is a combination of what two chemicals? | Chlorine and Ammonia |
| What are two forms of chloramines | Monochloramines and Dichloramines |
| What are the advantages of chloramines? | Chloramines reduces the formation of DBPs, carries a stable residual throughout the system, and removes taste and odors. |
| What is the disadvantage of chloramines? | It's not as effective as chlorine |
| Name 3 methods of chlorination and their advantages and disadvantages; | Chlorine Gas; +cheap and easy to use - dangerous but safer than gas / Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH); + granular, used in swimming pools - expensive/ Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) safer than gas - expensive |
| What does PEL mean and what is the PEL for chlorine gas? | Permissible Exposure Limit; 0.5 ppm |
| What does IDHL mean and what is the IDHL for chlorine gas? | Inherently/Immediately Dangerous to Health and Life; 10 ppm |
| What chemicals are used to absorb chlorine spills? | Caustic soda or hydrated lime |
| To avoid freezing chlorine gas you should never do this; | Over feed |
| Never use this around chlorine? | Grease or oil (petroleum products) |
| Anything below the top of the ground water table is called? | The zone of saturation |
| Never go into a room containing chlorine without one of these? | Self Contained Breathing Apparatus or SCBA |
| Surface water is usually really low in these? | Minerals and gases |
| Chemicals like copper sulfate, chlorine, chlorine dioxide and Potassium Permanganate are used for what? | Treating algae |
| The final goal of coagulation is to remove what? | Turbidity |
| What 2 pathogens are resistant to disinfectants? | Cryptosporidium & Giardia |
| What is back flow? | When water backs up in the opposite direction of normal flow (system pressure should be 50 psi; customer pressure should be 75 psi) |
| How can back flow be prevented? | With a back flow preventer (it must tested yearly) |
| What is back siphonage? | When water backs up in the opposite direction due to negative pressure within the system |
| How can back siphonage be prevented? | With a vacuum breaker (must be tested yearly) |
| What is the best method for preventing cross connections? | An air gap |
| How much room should an air gap have? | Two times the pipe diameter or two inches which ever is greater |
| What is the Zone of Aeration? | The dry soil or rocks located between the ground surface and the top of the water table |
| What is the Zone of Saturation? | The rocks and soil below the ground surface and the water table |
| What is a grab sample? | A sample of river, stream or freshwater wetland water collected for the purpose of analyzing its constituent water chemistry. |
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Bmcguire64
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