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Digestive System 1.
organs and functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 6 steps of the process of digestion (1-3) | 1. ingestion: taking food into the digestive track 2. propulsion: food moves through alimentary canal. includes swallowing and peristalsis. waves of contraction and relaxation. 3. mechanical digestion: food is prepared for chem digestion |
| 6 steps of the process of digestion (4-6) | 4. chemical digestion: complex food particles broken down by enzymes 5. absorption: end products move from lumen through mucosal cells 6. defication: eliminates indigestable substances from body |
| Peristalsis | Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary canal |
| Mesentary | Double layered extensions of the peritoneum that support most organs in the abdominal cavity |
| Mouth | begins digestive process-- lips, cheeks, palate, uvula, palatoglossal arches, platopharangeal arches, fauces, tongue. |
| Bolus | A rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing |
| Teeth | Incisors (8)-- cut/nip of pieces of food. Canines (4)-- tear, pierce. Premolars/Bicuspids (8)and Molars (12)-- grind, crush |
| Pharynx | Involved in swallowing. the passage way that both air and foods are passed through |
| Esophagus | Passageway to stomach. |
| Mastication | Process of mechanically breaking down food. |
| Chyme | Semi-fluid paste of food and gastric juice |
| Stomach | Mixes food with gastric juice, initiates protein digestion, absorbs some nutrients. located in the upper left portion of abdominal cavity |
| Rugae | Folds of the inner mucous membrane of organs, such as the stomach, that allow those organs to expand. |
| Pepsin | A digestive enzyme that chemically digests, or breaks down, proteins into shorter chains of amino acids |
| Hydrochloric acid | Helps turn the solid food into a liquid that makes digestion possible |
| Intrinsic factor | a substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 |
| Small intestine | Completes digestion of chyme, absorbs nutrients, transports waste to large intestine. 1. duodenum (first 25cm), 2. jejunum, 3. ileum |
| Villi and Microvilli | Microscopic projections which cover the intestine, greatly increasing the surface area and therefore, increasing the ability to absorb nutrients |
| Liver | Carb, lipid, and protein metabolism. stores gycogen, iron, vitamins a d and b12 |
| Gallbladder | Stores bile which breaks down fat globules and enhances absorption of lipids and vitamins a d e and k |
| Bile salts | Absorbed as whole molecules at the far end of the small intestine and pass up the portal vein to the liver, when they are re-secreted into bile. |
| Pancreas | Secretes juices into the duodenum that contain enzymes that break down carbs, fats, proteins and nucleic acids. |
| Large intestine | 1. ascending colon, 2. transverse colon, 3. descending colon, 4. sigmoid colon, 5. rectum. |
Created by:
usillygoose93
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