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FINAL 2: Chemistry
8th Grade Earth Science FINAL 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the parts of the atom and where are they located? | Nucleus: Protons, Neutrons Electron Cloud: Electrons |
| How do you determine one element from another? | Protons |
| What is the difference between physical and chemical changes? | Physical Changes: A change in the form or appearance of a sample of matter, but does NOT change its composition. Chemical Changes: A change in the composition of a substance – a chemical reaction. |
| How do you determine the reactivity of a metal using the Periodic Table? | Metals: Period: reactivity decreases as you go from left to right across a period. Group: reactivity increases as you go down a group. (Easier to get rid of electrons) |
| What are the characteristics an Ionic Bond? | Bonds formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. A metallic ion bonds with a nonmetallic ion (metal to nonmetal). |
| How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply to chemical reactions? | An equation must be balanced to follow this law. There must be the same amount of mass on the reactants side of the equation as the products side of the equation. |
| What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions? | Endothermic: Heat or light energy is absorbed causing the temperature of the substances to decrease. Exothermic: Heat or light energy is released from the reaction causing the temperature of the substances to increase. |
| How do you balance chemical reactions? | Add coefficients to the equation on the sides of the equation. For further explanation, look to notes. |
| How does temperature affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | - Reduce the temperature of the chemicals slows the reaction. -Increase the temperature of the chemicals speeds up the reaction. -Molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures (more energetic) than at lower temperatures. |
| How does surface area affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | -The greater the surface area of the substance, more of the substance is exposed, therefore the faster the reaction. -If the surface area is decreased, the slower the reaction rate. |
| How does concentration affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | -The stronger the concentration of the substance, the faster the rate of the reaction. |
| How do catalysts vs. inhibitors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? | -Catalysts speed up the reaction. -Inhibitors slow the reaction. |
| What is the information about protons? | -Located in the Nucleus. -Positively charged particles that determine the identity of the atom (which element it is). Mass = 1 Atomic Mass Unit (amu) |
| What is the information about neutrons? | -Located in the Nucleus. -Particles that have NO CHARGE (neutral). An element can have different amounts of these. Mass = 1 Atomic Mass Unit (amu) -The total amount of protons AND neutrons in an element's nucleus is called the Mass Number. |
| What is the information about electrons? | -Located in the Electron Cloud. -Tiny, negatively charged particles that move rapidly and randomly around the nucleus within different energy levels. |
| What is Atomic Number and what is it used for? | -The # of protons in a single atom of an element. -Atoms always start out with a balanced charge. So, the number of protons is equal to the # of electrons. –Every atom of that element has that number of protons. |
| What is the Mass Number and what is it used for? | -Total amount of protons AND neutrons in element's nucleus. - # of neutrons calculated by subtracting Atomic Number from Mass Number.– -Used to identify different isotopes of an element. Isotopes: Atoms of same element w/ different # of neutrons. |
| What is the Atomic Mass? | This number is a calculated average of an elemental atom's mass, measured in mass units (u). |
| What is a period in the Periodic Table? | A row of elements. –The properties gradually change predictably across the period. |
| What is a Group/Family in the Periodic Table? | The vertical columns of elements that have similar physical & chemical properties. |
| How do you determine the reactivity of a nonmetal using the Periodic Table? | Nonmetals: -Period: reactivity increases as you go from left to right across a period. -Group: reactivity decreases as you go down a group. (The further right & up on the table, the higher the electronegativity, resulting in a more exchange of electrons) |
| What are the characteristics of a Covalent Bond? | -Bonds formed by sharing electrons between atoms to fill the valence shell. -Nonmetals that bond with other nonmetals or some metalloids. -Form molecules w/ single, double, or triple bonds.The bigger the bond, the stronger it is. EX.: Water |
| What are the types of physical changes? | -Changing from a solid, to a liquid, to a gas, or to a plasma (or the reverse). -Change in shape or size. -A substance dissolving into another substance. |
| What are the types of chemical changes? | – a chemical reaction. -Changes color -Gives off a gas/odor -Heat is produced -Heat is absorbed -A solid is produced |
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*BROOKE*
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