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MCAS Sci/Tech/Eng 1
Study guide for HS Sci-Tech/Eng
Term | Definition |
---|---|
R value | a measure of thermal resistance used in the building and construction industry; depends on a solid material's resistance to conductive heat transfer |
elasticity | the ability of a body to resist stress and to return to its original size and shape when the stress is removed. Solid objects will deform when forces are applied on them. If the material is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size |
plasticity | ability to flow into a new shape under pressure and then retain that shape once the force is removed ex: metal sheets |
construction properties | R value, plasticity, elasticity, density, strength |
zoning laws/building codes | purposes (re: design and use of structures) is designating mapped zones which regulate the use, form, design and compatibility of development as well as the required safety concerns re: construction |
Bernoulli's Principle | the rate of speed of air determines the amount of pressure exerted on a structure; fast air rate = low pressure |
Reinforced concrete | concrete with steel bars inside; strong against compression and tension forces |
Forces in Construction Engineering | tension, compression, shear, torsion |
fatigue | ability to resist constant flexing or bending |
static load | dead load; load that is unchanging and does not move |
dynamic load | live load; a load that moves and changes |
thermal expansion | ability to withstand temperature changes from cold and heat exposure |
thermal conductivity | measure of how easily electricity flows through a material |
benefits of robotics in manufacturing | safety, quality, increased production |
Conductor | A material that allows electricity to flow easily such as copper wire. |
Insulators | A material that does not allow electricity to flow, such as plastic. |
Semi-conductor | Can change the flow of electricity under certain conditions . |
OHM'S LAW | Voltage = current times resistance |
circuit components | sources, conductors, breakers, fuses, switches, diodes, variable resistors, loads |
Fossil Fuels | nonrenewable energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas |
conduction | heat transfer through contact |
convection | heat transfer via air circulation; hot air rises, pushes cold air down |
radiation | heat transfer via electromagnetic waves |
South windows | best way to let in natural light and heat from the sun |
Renewable Energy | energy that can be recycled and used again such as water power, solar power, wind power and geothermal heat |
tension | a stretching force, related to tensile strength |
compression | a squeezing force or response to pressure |
shear | a sliding and separating force such as wind |
torsion | a twisting force |
open system | fluid/gas leaves the system and does NOT recirculate (Sprinkler system) |
closed system | fluid/gas stays inside the system and recirculates |
pneumatic system | open system using gases (most commonly air) Examples: dentist drill, jack hammer, nail gun |
hydraulic system | closed system using fluids (usually oil); it is a Force Multiplier that can handle heavy sustained loads |
Pipe resistance | caused by curves from elbows in the system, and the diameter of the pipes; more resistance (greater pipe bend angle) slows down the flow of liquids |