Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Topic 6
Infection, Immunity and Forensics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the ways of identifying a dead body? | Fingerprints, Dental Records, DNA fingerprint |
| How do you determine time of death? | Body Temperature, Rigor Mortis, Decomposition, Forensic Entomology |
| What are the stages in making a DNA fingerprint | Isolate sample, cut using restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, blot onto membrane (Southern Blotting), add probe and view. |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | Rapidly multiplies DNA. |
| What are the main diferences between Bacteria and Viruses? | Bacteria - cell wall, flagellum, circular DNAVirus - Protein Coat, uses host cells. |
| 2 Brances of immune response? | Specific and non-specific |
| What is the non-specific immune response | Lysozyme action, Inflammatory response, Phagocytosis, Interferon |
| Inflammatory Response | Damaged white blood cells release histamine which causes dilation of arterioles and blood flow increases. Capillaries become more permeable and plasma fluid and white blood cells leak into the tissue causing swelling. |
| Phagocytosis | Macrophages and Neutrophils engulf and destroy bacteria. |
| Specific Immunity | Action of B cells and T cells and antibodies against specific diseases. |
| B lymphocytes | secrete antibodies. Activated by T helper cells to clone and produce memory cells. |
| T lymphocytes | Mature in Thymus gland. T helper stimulate B cells, T Killer cells destroy pathogen infected cells. |
| Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) | A cell presenting pathogenic antigens on its surface. |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) | Proteins which carry antigens to surface of a cell. |
| CD4 receptor | Receptor on surface of a T helper cell which binds to antigen fragment. |
| Cytokines | Chemicals released by T Helper cell to activate B cell. |
| How is fever caused? | substances released by neutrophils and macrophages affect the hypothalamus and alter the set point for the core body temperature. |
| What does fever do? | Perhaps enhances action of phagocytes. Bacteria and viruses may reproduce more slowly. |
| Homeostasis | Regulation of body's internal conditions. |
| Negative Feedback | A change is detected by receptors which signal the control mechanism to signal to effector molecules to correct the change. |
| How is temperature controlled in Homeostasis? | Sweat Hairs on skinArteriole dilation/constriction |
| Mycobacterium Tuberculosis | Bacteria that causes Tuberculosis |
| Tubercule | A mass of tissue with dead bacteria and macrophages. Anerobic. |
| Why does Mycobacterium Tuberculosis survive inside cells | Thick waxy cell wall is difficult to break down with lysozyme. |
| Stages of Tuberculosis? | Primary infection is controlled by immune response.Bacteria can survive inside macrophage and remain dormant.Reactivation of disease is caused by weak immune system.Rapid mulitplication of bacteria, lung tissue destroyed. |
| Symptoms of TB? | coughing, shortness of breath, loss of weight and appetite, fever, extreme tiredness |
| How is TB diagnosed? | Skin and blood tests, Identification of bacteria, Chest X-rays |
| What does HIV stand for? | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| What does AIDS stand for? | Acquired immune deficiency Syndrome |
| How does the HIV virus work? | Invades T helper cells and hijacks protein synthesis mechanism producing more viruses. |
| What is reverse transcriptase? | Enzyme used by HIV to manufacture DNA from RNA. |
| How do we stop pathogens getting into our body? | Skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid and "friendly bacteria" |
| Passive Natural Immunity | Antibodies recieved from mother |
| Active Natural Immunity | Body fights off an infection and memory cells have been produced. |
| Active Artificial Immunity | Vaccines |
| Passive Artificial Immunity | Injection of antibodies after potential entry of pathogen. |
| Herd Immunity | Protection of large group after a proportion have been vaccinated. It is less likely that the disease can be transferred. |
| Evolutionary Race | Bacteria multiply and mutate much faster than humans and can become resistant to our antibiotics. |
Created by:
roundwoodpark
Popular Biology sets