Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
bio 223 unit 1 ch 39
Plant responses to internal and external signals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abscisic Acid(ABA) | A plant hormone that brings about dormancy in buds, maintains dormancy in seeds, and brings about stomatal closing, among other effects. |
| Action Spectrum | The efficiency with which electromagnetic radiation produces a photochemical reaction plotted as a function of the wavelength of the radiation. |
| Action potential | an electrical signal that propagates/travels along the membrane of a neuron or other excitable cells as a nongraded/all or none depolarization. |
| Auxin | A plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth. |
| Blue-light photoreceptors | a receptor in plants that initiates a variety of responses, such as phototropism and slowing of hypocotyl elongation. |
| Chromophore | A color component within the skin such as blood or melanin. |
| Cryptochromes | Pigment used to detect blue light that regulate germination, elongation and photoperiodism. |
| Cytokinin | A class of related plant hormones that retard aging and act in concert with auxin to stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical dominance. |
| De-Etiolation | The changes a plant shoot undergoes in response to sunlight; also known informally as greening. |
| Ethylene | A gaseous plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening and opposes auxins in its actions |
| Etiolation | Plant morphological adaptations for growing in darkness. |
| Expansins | plant enzyme that breaks the crosslinks/H-bonds between cellulose microfibrils and other cell wall constituents, loosening the wall’s fabric. |
| Gene for Gene Resistance | In plants, a mechanism of resistance to pathogens in which resistance is triggered by the specific interaction of the products of a pathogen's Avr genes and a plant's R genes. |
| Gibberellins | A growth hormone that causes a wide variety of effects. One role is to stimulate growth of stems by promoting cell division. Farmers use it to make fruit grow larger. |
| Gravitropism | A growth response to gravity. |
| Heat Shock Proteins (chaperones) | Chaperone proteins that assist with protein folding Guard against the dangers of protein misfolding. Many are ATPases. So named because after exposure to stressful conditions (i.e. heat) unfolding cells will increase expression of these proteins. |
| Herbivory | An interaction in which an organism eats parts of a plant or alga. |
| Hormone | a secreted chemical formed in specialized cells, they act on specific target cells in other parts of the organism, changing the targets cell’s function. |
| Hypersensitive Response | A plant's localized defense response to a pathogen, involving the death of cells around the site of infection. |
| Leaf Abscission | Aging and dropping of leaves controlled by auxin and ethylene. |
| Phosphorylation | The transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by phosphorylation. |
| Photoreceptor | contain photopigments which absorb light, causing them to change shape. |
| Phototrophism | a plant movement in response to light coming from one direction |
| Photoperiodism | a physiological response to photoperiod, the interval in 24 hrs, when the plants is exposed to light.example;flowering. |
| Photomorphogenesis | effects of light on plant morphology. |
| Phytochromes | A class of light receptors in plants. Mostly absorbing red light, these photoreceptors regulate many plant responses, including seed germination and shade avoidance. |
| secondary messengers | (Cyclic AMP or cAMP, IP3, DAG) small molecules and ions in the cell that amplify the signal and transfer it from the receptor to the other proteins that carry out the response. |
| Seed Dormancy | A condition in which growth and development are suspended temporarily. EX: Pine cones releasing spores after fires. |
| Senesence | the programed death of certain cells or organs or the entire plant. |
| Shade Avoidance | The tendency of plants that are adapted to high light intensities to grow taller when they are closely surrounded by other plants. |
| signal transduction | In cell biology, a series of molecular changes that converts a signal on a target cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell |
| Statoliths | specialized plastids containing dense starch grains, that let plants know up from down. |
| Systemic Acquired Response | A defensive response in infected plants that helps protect healthy tissue from pathogenic invasion. |
| Thigmomorphogenesis | A response in plants to chronic mechanical stimulation, resulting from increased ethylene production. An example is thickening stems in response to strong winds. |
| Triple Response | A plant growth maneuver in response to mechanical stress, involving slowing of stem elongation, a thickening of the stem, and a curvature that causes the stem to start growing horizontally. |
| Tropism | a growth response towards or away a certain stimuli due to differential rates of cell elongation. |
| Thigmotropism | a directional growth of a plant in response to touch. |
| Virulent | Extremely harmful or poisonous; bitterly hostile or antagonistic. |
| Visible Light | Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye |
| Short-day plants | flowers only when the day period is shorter than the critical length. |
| Long-day plants | flowers only when the light period is longer than a critical length. |
| Day-neutral plants | plant that is not effected by day length or photoperiod. |
| Effectors | pathogen-encoded protein that cripples the host’s innate immune system. |
| Salicylic acid | a signaling molecule in plants that may be partially responsible for activating systemic acquired resistance to pathogens. |
| Brassinosteriods | a steroid hormone in plants that has a variety of effects, including inducing cell elongation, retarding leaf abscission and promoting xylem differentiation. |
| Jasmonates | any class of plant hormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants and play a key role in plat defense against herbivores. |
| Strigolactones | any class of plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching, trigger the germination of parasitic plant seeds, and stimulate the association of plant roots with mycorrhizal fungi. |
| Florigen | is probably a protein, it is responsible for controlling and/or triggering flowering in plants. It is produced in the leaves, and acts in the shoot apical meristem of buds and growing tips. |
| Vernalization | the use of cold treatment to induce a plant to flower. |
Created by:
nkitts96
Popular Earth Science sets