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Planets Final #2
Test 2 Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Greenhouse Effect is caused by the absorption in the atmosphere of which kind of light? | infrared |
| Hurricanes break apart after making landfall. Why does this happen? | Hurricanes lose access to warm, moist air from the ocean anf disintegrate. |
| Of the three basic mechanisms of heat transfer, which is the least important in transferring heat in the atmosphere and why? | conduction; molecules are farther apart |
| What is the layer of the atmosphere closest to earth? | troposphere |
| What kind of air mass would be characterized by hot, dry air? | cT |
| What condition exists when air low in the atmosphere is warmer than air aloft, resulting in a rising air mass that is warmer than the surrounding environment and continues to rise? | absolute instability |
| Salinity in the ocean is highest in regions where _____________ is high and ________________ is low. | evaporation; precipitation |
| Why is deep-ocean circulation referred to as thermohaline? | difference in temperatures and/or salinity cause oceanic deep circulation |
| What type of plate bundary is associated with deep-ocean trenches? | subduction zone |
| Which of the world's oceans accounts for over half of the surface area of the planet? | Pacific Ocean |
| What is the most important agent of erosion in deserts? | water |
| Which factor(s) drive thermohaline circulation in the ocean basins? | temperature and density |
| Milankovitch cycles are used to explain the cycles of cold and warm climates that characterized the Ice Ages based on: | variations in the earth's orbit about the sun and precession of the earth's axis |
| Where are the deepest parts of the oceans? | in trenches |
| Which oceanic feature would most likely be covered with thick turbidite layers? | deep-sea fan at the base of a continental slope |
| The three main provinces of the ocean floor as we go from the shore towards the middle of the ocean are: | continental margin, deep-ocean basin, mid-ocean ridge |
| How does the glacial budget affect the advance of a glacier? | Glaciers advance when the budget is unbalanced and accumulation is greater than wastage |
| A rainshadow desert forms: | in places where mountain ranges act as barriers to the movement of water vapor |
| Where isotherms are closesr together on a weather map, conditions are: | cyclonic; winds and precipitation |
| Where isotherms are farther apart on a weather map, conditions are: | anticyclonic; mild |
| High pressure system is: | anticyclonic |
| Low pressure system is: | cyclonic |
| About what percentage of Earth's land mass is covered in deserts? | 30% |
| Why are there no glaciers at the North Pole? | There is no land at the North Pole |
| Because the earth is spinning, a wind blowing from south to north in the southern hemisphere would be deflected in which direction? | west |
| What effect do large, continental ice sheets have on ocean levels? | lowers them; water is locked up as ice |
| What generally causes clouds to form? | lifting of air |
| If a cool, dry day was followed by a warm, humid day, you might expect they resulted from what consecutive air masses? | continental polar followed by maritime tropical |
| The chief reason why the equatorial regions are warmer than the polar regions is that: | sunlight falls more nearly vertically on the equatorial regions |
| What is the basic cause of winds? | pressure differences |
| An air mass originating the the Gulf of Mexico should be labeled as: | mT |
| What is the humidity of warm, saturated air? | 100% |
| What substance in the atmosphere currently contributes the most to the greenhouse effect? | CO2 |
| When an air mass is forced higher in the atmosphere, it tends to: | cool and cause precipitation |
| What would be evidence that a glacier once covered a given area? | hanging valley |
| Rainfall associated with an advancing cold front is generally: | heavy with gusty winds |
| In a meandering river, erosion is most notable on: | the outside of a meander |
| A moraine is produced by: | glaciers |
| Most caves are formed by the solvent action of groundwater on: | limestone |
| What are the two main constitutes of Earth's atmosphere (in order)? | nitrogen and oxygen |
| How might the origin of a "V" shaped valley differ from that of a "U" shaped valley? | the "U" shaped valley was carved by a glacier as opposed to a river |
| Karst topography is dominated by: | sinkholes, caves, and caverns |
| The ability to carry large particle sizes is most dependent on the streams: | velocity |
| Once warm, moist air is lifted, the buoyancy necessary to maintain its upward flight is provided by: | release of latent heat |
| Weather occurs almost exclusively in which layer of the atmosphere? | troposhpere |
| The main form of heating the troposphere is: | IR radiation from the ground |
| In which layer of the atmosphere is the most ozone found? | stratosphere |
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