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Bio Vocab Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA | Mutation |
| The possession of two identical alleles | Homozygous |
| A diagram that uses the genotypes of the parents to reveal the possible genotypes of the offspring | Punnett Square |
| The condition of a gene having multiple phenotypic expressions | Pleiotropy |
| The outward expression of a combination of alleles | Phenotype |
| The possession of one dominant and one recessive allele | Heterozygous |
| Alternative forms of genes | Alleles |
| Mendel's Law of ________ states that the two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes | Segregation |
| Indicates the genetic makeup of an individual | Genotype |
| The most common form for or expression of a gene in a population | Wild |
| When two genes are on the same chromosome, they have this phenomenon | Linkage |
| A diagram used to determine familial patterns of inheritance for human traits | Pedigree |
| The type of cross that involves examining two traits at a time | Dihybrid |
| Term used to describe traits that are on the X chromosome | Sex-Linked |
| The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis | Crossing Over |
| Chromosomes that have a mix of maternal and paternal alleles are described by this term | Recombinant |
| A size-ordered photograph of all the chromosomes in a cell of any organism | Karyotype |
| A discrete package of DNA and proteins in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells | Chromosome |
| X and Y are designations for the ________ chromosome | Sex |
| If a trait is not on a sex chromosome, then it is on this type of chromosome | Autosome |
| The type of selection that is the mechanism for evolution | Natural |
| Features that provide a selective advantage | Adaptations |
| For the sickle-cell anemia trait, this type of genotype has an advantage | Heterozygote |
| The change in allele frequency over time | Evolution |
| Type of selection in which the selection is against the intermediate phenotypes | Disruptive |
| Type of selection in which the selection is against both extreme phenotypes | Stabilizing |
| Type of selection in which the selection is against one extreme phenotype | Directional |
| An organism's contribution to the next generation's gene pool | Fitness |
| This genetic drift would occur when a few birds start a population on a newly formed island | Founder |
| Cheetahs and elephant seals are examples of this genetic drift effect | Bottleneck |
| The type of isolation occurring when sperm cannot find eggs | Gametic |
| The school of thought that says evolution proceeds in small, incremental changes over many generations | Gradualism |
| This occurs when members of a species can no longer successfully interbreed | Speciation |
| Movements of the Earth's crust that have resulted in the present-day configurations of land masses on Earth are explained by plate ________ | Tectonics |
| One explanation for the mass extinction at the end of the Mesozoic is the ________ theory | Impact |
| Speciation involving an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes, typically in plants | Polyploidy |
| the species concept described by the ability of members of a population to interbreed and produce fertile offspring | Biological |
| The type of speciation that involves a geographic barrier | Allopatric |
| The permanent disappearance of a species | Extinction |
| Horses and donkeys are different species because even though they mate successfully with each other, the resulting mule is ________ | Sterile |
| Island groups such as Hawaii and the Galapagos have unique groups of species that have undergone adaptive ________ | Radiation |
| Comparing ________ during development can provide evolutionary clues | Embryos |
| Having the same structure, but not necessarily the same function such as human arms and bat wings | Homologous |
| The type of evolution that produces similar adaptations in organisms that do not share the same evolutionary lineage | Convergent |
| The study of fossils | Paleontology |
| Radiometric dating uses these radioactive substances to measure half-life | Isotopes |
| Any evidence of an organism from more than 10,000 years ago | Fossil |
| Having the same function, but not necessarily the same structure | Analogous |
| A structure that has no apparent function in one species, but is homologous to a functional organ in another species | Vestigial |
| Type of speciation that means "same country" | Sympatric |
| The origin of life necessitated that these types of molecules formed | Organic |
| The theory that proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living bacteria | Endosymbiont |
| The ________ time scale divides time into eras, periods, and epochs | Geological |
| Organisms that arose about one billion years ago | Multicellular |
| Which group of organisms came first: plants or animals? | Plants |
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