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Bio Ch 22-24 Plants
Prentice Hall Biology Chapters 22-24 Plant Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are plants | Multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose. |
| Photosynthesis | Energy of the sunlight is captured and used to make plant food. |
| First plants evolved from what | An organism much like the multicellular green algae living today. |
| Rhizoid | In fungi, a rootlike hyphae that penetrates the surface of an object; in mosses, a long, thin cell that anchors the moss to the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the surrounding soil |
| What makes up vascular tissue | Xylem and phloem. |
| Is a Sporangium is diploid or haploid | Haploid |
| What makes up a seed | Gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
| What is the gametophyte of a gymnosperm | Cones |
| Name the four groups of gymnosperms | Gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes, conifers |
| Where are seeds produced in Angiosperms | Fruit |
| Study Monocots vs. Dicots Chart | Pg 571 |
| Annual | Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within one growing season. |
| Perennial | Flowering plants that live form more than two years. |
| Functions of roots | Anchor plants in the ground, holding soil in place and prevent erosion. |
| In Angiosperms what does xylem consist of | It consists primarily of tracheas and vessels; woody tissue. |
| What kind of tissue makes up the outer covering of a plant | Dermal tissue (plant skin) |
| Meristematic tissues | Plant tissue found only in the tips of shoots and roots; responsible for plant growth. |
| What kind of root is a carrot | A taproot |
| What does the vascular cylinder of a root consist of | xylem and phloem (transport tissues), as well as a specialized cell layer called the pericycle. |
| Main functions of stems | Produces leaves, branches and flowers, they hold leaves up in sunlight, and they transport substances between roots and leaves. |
| What does the vascular tissue in stems do | Supports and conducts water and nutrients through the tissue. It consists of xylem and phloem. |
| Thin vs. thick tree rings | If the growing season is longer than usual, or there is abundant rainfall the tree will have a wider ring. Conversely, a shorter growing season or drought will cause thinner rings. |
| Function of the stomata | Allows transfer of CO2, light and water from the surrounding atmosphere in to the plant. |
| Where most photosynthetic activity takes place in the leaf | palisade mesophyll |
| Adhesion | Attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants – attraction between unlike molecules |
| Capillary Action | Tendency of water to rise in a thin tube. |
| Pressure-Flow Hypothesis | Explains the movement of food through the phloem. Movement occurs by bulk flow; phloem sap moves from sugar sources to sugar sinks by means of turgor pressure. |
| Pollen grains | Pollen cones produce the male gametophytes. |
| Flower | Reproductive organs that are composed of four kinds of specialized leaves; sepals, petals, stems, and leaves. |
| What are the sterile leaves of the flower called | Sepals |
| What is the function of the sticky secretion on seed cones | Gametophytes |
| What happens when a pollen grain lands near an ovule | A microscopic tube sprouts from each pollen grain and starts to grow into the stigma. It then grows down through a stalk, called the style, towards the eggs in the ovules below. A flower’s stigma is held up on a style so it can catch pollen. |
| Where are pollen grains produced in Angiosperms | Anther - stigma |
| Seed coat | Structure that surrounds and protects a plant embryo and keeps it from drying out. |
| Fruit | Ripened ovary that contains angiosperm seeds. |
| What kinds of seeds are dispersed by animals and by wind and water | gymnosperms (naked seeds) |
| Dormancy | Period of time during which a plant embryo is alive but not growing. |
| Germination | Early growth stage of a plant embryo. |
| Types of vegetative reproduction | Plants and underground roots |
| What does vegetative reproduction produce | New plants from horizontal stems, plantlets, and underground roots. |
| Scion | A detached living portion of a plant joined to a stock in a graft |
| What are the crops that the world depends on | Wheat, rice, and corn. |
| Label the parts of the flower and know their functions | Stamen: (anther, filament), Pistil: (stigma, style, ovary) pollen tube, ovule, receptacle, sepal, petal |
| Name the characteristics of fungi | Eukaryotes that have cell walls made of chitin, made up of filaments called hyphae. Some hyphae are divided by cross walls which may contain one or two nuclei. Other fungi, the hyphae lack cross walls and contain many nuclei. |
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