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Anatomy Urinary Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of urinary system | Elimination of waste products, regulate aspects of homeostasis. |
| Organs of the urinary system | Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra |
| Location of the Kidneys | Against the dorsal body wall. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left (due to position of the liver). |
| Purpose of adipose capsule | Holds kidney in place while acting as a cushion and protecting the kidneys from any harmful blows or injuries. |
| Normal/ Abnormal urine contains... | Normal - Sodium, potassium ions, urea, uric acid, creatine, ammonia, bicarbonate ions. Abnormal - Glucose, blood proteins, red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells (pus), bile. |
| Pigment of urine | Yellow color due to the pigment urochrome (from the destruction of hemoglobin) and sodium. |
| Describe urine - in terms of medical diagnosis | Sterile, slightly aromatic, normal pH of around 6, specific gravity of 1.001 to 1.035 |
| Purpose of bladder - made of what type of muscle | Temporary storage tank for urine; Three layers of smooth muscle collectively called the destusor muscle; smooth, collapsible, muscular sac. |
| What does trigone refer to? | Triangular region of the bladder base. 3 regions of the bladder: urethra at the bottom, two ureters on either side. |
| Describe the urethra, (2) sphincters, which are voluntary/involuntary - type of muscle | Urethra - Thin walled tube that carries urine from bladder to the outside of body by peristalsis. 2 sphincters Internal urethra sphincter: Involuntary, made of smooth muscle. External urethra sphincter: Voluntary, made of skeletal muscle. |
| Gender difference associated with the urethra | Males are longer (8 inches) and also allow the passage of sperm. Women are about 1.5 inches long and are more prone to UTI due to length. |
| Normal amount of water in the human body | Young Adult Female: 50% Young Adult Males: 60% Babies: 75% Elderly: 45% |
| Distribution of body fluid: what % comes from where? | Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Fluid inside cells, about 2/3 of body fluid. Extracellular Fluid (ECF): Fluid outside cell, interstital fluid, blood plasma. W/male ICF=40%, ECF=20% Interstital 20% Plasma 80% |
| Maintaining water balance: source for water intake/source of water output | Intake: ingested food & fluids, water produced from enetabolic processes. Output: Vaporization out of the lungs, lost in perspiration, leaves the body in the feces, urine production. |
| Purpose of ADH | Prevents excessive water loss in urine, causes the kidneys collecting ducts to reabsorb more water. |
| Blood pH: Acidosis/ alkalosis | Acidosis: pH below 7.35 Alkalosis: pH above 7.45 |
| How is pH maintained - mechanisms | Most acid-base balance is maintained by the kidneys, other acid-base controlling systems: Blood buffers, respiration. |
| Developmental aspects of the urinary system | *Functional kidneys are developed by the third month ~urinary system of a new born *bladder is small *urine cannot be concentrated for first 2 months *void 5 to 40 times per day |
| Aging and urinary system | Progressive decline in urine function, the bladder shrinks and loses bladder tone with aging. |
| Nephron | Structural, functioning unit of the kidney |
| 3 phases of the urine formation process | Filtration: water and solubles filtered through kidney. Reabsorption: taking back the good things. Secretion: riding the body of toxins, drugs, and wastes |
| Examples of materials not reabsorbed | Toxins, drugs, and other wastes. |
Created by:
zoeherrick
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