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Endocrin
Hormones & Actions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Oxytocin; location(L) & chemical class(C) | Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions; P. Pituitary(P.P); Peptide (P) |
| Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH); L & C | Stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and constriction of arterioles; P.P;P |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4); L&C | Stimulates skeletal growth; oxygen consumption; heat production; protein, fat, and carbohydrate utilization; perinatal maturation of CNS; (Thyroid; Amine) |
| Calcitonin;(L&C) | Decreases serum [Ca2+]; (Thyroid &P) |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ; (L&C) | Increases serum [Ca2+]; (Parathyroid& P) |
| Cortisol (glucocorticoid); (L&C) | Stimulates gluconeogenesis; inhibits inflammatory response; suppresses immune response; enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines; (Adrenal Cortex&Steroid) |
| Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid); (L&C) | Increases renal Na+ reabsorption, K+ secretion, and H+ secretion (Adrenal Cortex&Steroid) |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (adrenal androgens) | Stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics(Adrenal Cortex&Steroid) |
| Testosterone | Stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics(Steroid&Testes) |
| Estradiol | Stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion; maintains pregnancy (Steroid&Ovaries) |
| Progesterone | Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle; maintains pregnancy(Ovaries&Steroid) |
| Estradiol and progesterone | See actions of estradiol and progesterone from ovaries (see above) (Corpus Luteum&Steroid) |
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) | Stimulates estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum of early pregnancy (Placenta & Peptide) |
| Human placental lactogen (HPL), or human chorionic somatomammotropin | Has growth hormone–like and prolactin-like actions during pregnancy(Placenta & Peptide) |
| Estriol | See actions of estradiol from ovaries (see above)(Placenta&Steroid ) |
| Progesterone | See actions of progesterone from ovaries (see above) (Placenta&Steroid) |
| Insulin ( Beta cells) | Decreases blood [glucose]; (Pancreas&Peptide) |
| Glucagon ( alpha cells) | Increases blood [glucose]; (Pancreas&Peptide) |
| Renin | Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (Kidney& Peptide) |
| 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol | Increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+; bone mineralization (Kidney&Steroid) |
| Norepinephrine, epinephrine | See actions of sympathetic nervous system (Adrenal Medulla; Amine) |
| Somatotroph adenomas | Inc. GH prod. and cause acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children |
| Corticotroph adenomas | Prod. adrenocortical-stimulating hormone, ACTH, which causes Cushings disease. |
| Thyrotroph adenomas | Prod. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), leading to thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotroph adenomas are very uncommon. |
| Gonadotroph adenomas | These tumors over produce alph subunits of these glycoprotein hormones, and present with mass effects and hypogonadism. Most nonsecretory adenomas arise from the gonadotrophs. These tumors tend to grow slowly. |
| 5 maj. cell types of Anterior Pituitary gland cells giving rise to tumors | *Tum1Lactotrophs (Prolactin): Hypogonadism, Glactorrhea in (F) 2. Corticotrophs (ACTH) Cushings disease **Cell 3. Somatotrophs (GH) Acromegaly & Gigantism in Pedi 4. Thyrotrophs (TSH) Thyrotoxicosis 5. Gonadotrophs (LH/FSH)Hypogonadism & mass effect |
Created by:
pezeamama12
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