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8 Sci Ch 10 Test 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absolute magnitude | the apparent magnitude that star would have to an observer located 10 parsecs from the star |
| Aldebaran | Taurus |
| Altair, Deneb and Vega | stars that form the Summer Triangle |
| Andromeda galaxy | largest galaxy in the Local Group |
| asterism | small group of stars that is used to form a picture or represent an object |
| asteroid belt | large ring of asteroids located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter |
| astronomical unit | unit of measurement that is equal to the distance between the sun and the earth |
| astronomy | study of God's creation beyond the atmosphere |
| barred spiral | shape of the Milky Way galaxy |
| Betelgeuse | Orion |
| black hole | an object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity |
| Castor | Gemini |
| celestial sphere | imaginary sphere with Earth at the center and the heavenly bodies on its inner surface |
| circumpolar | describes a star that is always above the horizon to an observer at a particular location |
| coma | the cloud of gas and dust that surrounds the center of a comet |
| comets | frozen chunks of ice and dust that orbit the sun |
| Deimos and Phobos | Mars's moons |
| ellipses | symmetrical oval shape of planets orbits |
| full moon | moon phase the entire sunlit side is visible |
| Ganymede | largest moon in our solar system |
| geocentric | earth-centered view of the universe |
| granules | convection cells that cover the sun's visible surface |
| Hertzsprung-Russell diagram | two-dimensional graph comparing stars by their temperature and brightness |
| Isaac Newton | developed the law of universal gravitation |
| Jupiter | planet that shares an orbit with the Trojan asteroids |
| Kuiper belt | group of small, icy objects orbit the sun outisde the orbit of the outermost planet |
| lunar month | name for the period of time that the moon takes to the orbit of earth |
| main sequence | category of stars that includes the sun |
| mare | Latin word used to refer to the lunar "seas" |
| Mars | notable feature is Olympus Mons |
| Mercury | fastest-moving planet |
| meteor | small rock from space that is burning up as it passes through Earth's atmosphere |
| nebula | large cloud of gas and dust in space |
| Neptune | the outermost planet in our solar system |
| parallax | the apparent change in the position of an object daused by an actual change in the position of the observer |
| perihelion | planet's closest approach to the sun |
| photosphere | visible portion of the sun |
| Polaris | Ursa Major |
| pulsar | a rapidly rotating star that emits directional beams of radio waves |
| Regulus | Leo |
| retrograde | describes a planet that rotates backwards on its axis |
| satellite | an object that orbits another object |
| Saturn | known for its ring system |
| Sirius | Canis Major |
| solar eclipse | phenomenon when the moon passes between the sun and the earth |
| Spica | Virgo |
| spicules | the flamelike columns of gas that continually erupt from the lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere |
| supernova | explosion of a star |
| third law | the scientific law which dstates the relationship between a planet's period and average distance from the sun |
| Uranus | gas giant that seems to lie on its side |
| Vega | Lyra |
| Venus | sometimes called the "morning star" and "evening star" |
| zodiac | imaginary "band" in the sky in which the sun, moon and planets travel |
Created by:
Mrs_CC
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