The mixture of gases found in Earth’s atmosphere. Dry air is primarily nitrogen (N2 = 78%) and oxygen (O2 = 21%).

The gases that surround a planet or moon. On Earth, the air.

The average weather for a place over a long period of time (usually at least 30 years).

A visible collection of water droplets in the atmosphere. Clouds usually form hundreds of meters above Earth’s surface but fog is a cloud formed near Earth’s surface.

The process of change in state from gas to liquid, or the droplets of liquid formed from this process.

The ability to cause motion. Energy comes in many forms and is measured in joules

The process of change in state from a liquid to a gas.

The uppermost layer of the earth’s atmosphere.

To change from a liquid to a solid state.

A boundary where a mass of air meets another air mass of a different temperature.

A strong ocean current that flows on the surface of the Atlantic Ocean from the Gulf of Mexico to northwestern Europe.

The amount of water vapor in the air.

A possible explanation of some phenomena, based on observations, and which suggests a means of being tested.

A feature of the earth’s surface such as a lake, stream, valley, canyon, hill, ridge, or mountain.

The distance in degrees of a location north or south of the equator.

To change from a solid to liquid state.

A layer of the earth’s atmosphere where temperature decreases with altitude; between the stratosphere and thermosphere.

A scientist who studies the weather.

Regular movements of large amounts of water in the ocean.

The movement of water, in solid or liquid form, from the atmosphere back to the surface of the earth. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are examples.

A force applied to a surface. It is measured in a force unit per area, such as psi (pounds per square inch) or millibars (100 newtons per square meter).

The most common wind direction for a region. On the earth, the direction of the prevailing winds are related to the latitude of the region.

The region of Earth’s atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere.

The region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere in which temperature steadily increases with altitude.

The lowest layer of the earth’s atmosphere, where people live and most weather occurs.

The movement of water from one state to another as it circulates through the earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere.

The condition of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover, at a particular time and place.

The horizontal movement of air from areas of higher pressure toward areas of lower pressure.

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Unit E Weather and C

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Term	Definition
Air	The mixture of gases found in Earth’s atmosphere. Dry air is primarily nitrogen (N2 = 78%) and oxygen (O2 = 21%).
Altitude	The elevation above sea level.
Atmosphere	The gases that surround a planet or moon. On Earth, the air.
Climate	The average weather for a place over a long period of time (usually at least 30 years).
Clouds	A visible collection of water droplets in the atmosphere. Clouds usually form hundreds of meters above Earth’s surface but fog is a cloud formed near Earth’s surface.
Condensation	The process of change in state from gas to liquid, or the droplets of liquid formed from this process.
Energy	The ability to cause motion. Energy comes in many forms and is measured in joules
Evaporation	The process of change in state from a liquid to a gas.
Exosphere	The uppermost layer of the earth’s atmosphere.
Freezing	To change from a liquid to a solid state.
Front (Cold, Warm)	A boundary where a mass of air meets another air mass of a different temperature.
Gulf Stream	A strong ocean current that flows on the surface of the Atlantic Ocean from the Gulf of Mexico to northwestern Europe.
Humbity	The amount of water vapor in the air.
Hypothesis	A possible explanation of some phenomena, based on observations, and which suggests a means of being tested.
Landform	A feature of the earth’s surface such as a lake, stream, valley, canyon, hill, ridge, or mountain.
Latitude	The distance in degrees of a location north or south of the equator.
Melting	To change from a solid to liquid state.
Mesosphere	A layer of the earth’s atmosphere where temperature decreases with altitude; between the stratosphere and thermosphere.
Meteorologist	A scientist who studies the weather.
Ocean Current	Regular movements of large amounts of water in the ocean.
Precipitation	The movement of water, in solid or liquid form, from the atmosphere back to the surface of the earth. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are examples.
Pressure (High, Low)	A force applied to a surface. It is measured in a force unit per area, such as psi (pounds per square inch) or millibars (100 newtons per square meter).
Prevailing Wind	The most common wind direction for a region. On the earth, the direction of the prevailing winds are related to the latitude of the region.
Stratosphere	The region of Earth’s atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere.
Thermosphere	The region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere in which temperature steadily increases with altitude.
Troposphere	The lowest layer of the earth’s atmosphere, where people live and most weather occurs.
Water Cycle	The movement of water from one state to another as it circulates through the earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere.
Water Vapor	Water in a gaseous state.
Weather	The condition of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover, at a particular time and place.
Wind	The horizontal movement of air from areas of higher pressure toward areas of lower pressure.