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Biology Vocab

Chapter 18

TermDefinition
Virus Infectious particle made only of a strand of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.
Pathogen Agent that causes disease.
Viroid Infectious particle made of single-stranded RNA without a protein coat, that almost always use plants as their host.
Prion Infectious agent that consists of a protein fragment that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly.
Capsid Protein shell that surrounds a virus.
Bacteriophage Virus that infects bacteria.
Lytic Infection Infectious pathway of a virus in which host cells are destroyed.
Prophage DNA of a bacteriophage inserted into a host cell's DNA.
Epidemic Rapid outbreak of a disease that affects many people.
Vaccine Substance that stimulates an immune response, producing acquired immunity without illness or infection.
Retrovirus Virus that contains RNA and uses the enzyme called reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy.
Obligate Anaerobe Prokaryote that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Obligate Aerobe Prokaryote that cannot survive without the presence of oxygen.
Facultative Aerobe Organism that can live with or without oxygen.
Plasmid Circular piece of genetic material found in bacteria that can replicate separately from the DNA of the main chromosome.
Flagellum (plural: flagella) Whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement.
Conjugation Process by which a prokaryote transfers part of its chromosome to another prokaryote.
Endospore Prokaryote cell with a thick, protective wall surrounding its DNA.
Bioremediation Process by which humans use living things to break down pollutants.
Toxin Poison released by an organism.
Antibiotic Chemical that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
Created by: 58knasims
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