Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Human Health
Revision
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ADH | Hormone which reduces loss of water in urine. |
| Aerobic Respiration | Release of energy from food when oxygen is present. |
| Allele | A version of a particular gene. |
| Amylase | Enzyme which digests starch. |
| Anaemia | Condition caused by lack of iron. |
| Angina | Pain felt when flow restricted in coronary arteries. |
| Antibiotics | Chemical produced by fungi which can kill bacteria. |
| Antibodies | Produced by white cells to attack antigens. |
| Antigens | Foreign chemicals, including protein, which trigger an immune response. |
| Artery | Blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart. |
| Atrium | Upper chamber of the heart. |
| Capillaries | Minute blood vessels which form a network close to cells. |
| Carbohydrase | Enzyme which digests carbohydrate. |
| Carbohydrate | Sugar based food providing energy. |
| Carcinogen | Chemicals which cause cancer. |
| Cartilage | Smooth tissue which covers end of bones. |
| Cataract | Clouding of the eye lens. |
| Cell Surface Membrane | Surrounds cytoplasm and controls movement of materials in and out of the cell. |
| Chemotherapy | Treatment using drugs. |
| Chromosomes | Threads of genetic material in the nucleus. |
| Cilia | Tiny hair like structures on surface of cells of airways. |
| Ciliary Muscles | Muscles which alter the shape of the eye lens for focusing. |
| Clotting | Process where blood cells are trapped in fibrin to form a clot. |
| Clumping | Process where red blood cells stick together. NOT to be confused with clotting. |
| Coeliac Disease | A condition where the immune system attacks gut lining, triggered by gluten. |
| Constrict | Closing up or getting narrower. |
| Cornea | Clear covering on eye. |
| Coronary Artery | Artery that supplies heart muscle. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | A genetic disorder where the person produces very sticky mucus. |
| Cytoplasm | Region of cell in which most chemical reactions take place. |
| Deamination | Breakdown of surplus amino acids. |
| Denatured | Altered shape of an enzyme so it cannot work. |
| Diabetes | Condition resulting in high blood sugar if not controlled. |
| Differentiation | The process by which stem cells change to specialist cells. |
| Diffusion | Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. |
| Digestive Juice | Juices containing enzymes, produced by the digestive system. |
| Dilate | Open or get wider. |
| DNA | Chemical which carries genetic code. |
| Dominant | The characteristic which is shown when two different alleles are present. |
| Effectors | Muscles or glands which respond to a stimuli. |
| Emulsification | Breakdown of fat into droplets. |
| Endocrine glands | Glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
| Enzyme | A biological catalyst made of protein. |
| Epiglottis | Flap which covers opening of trachea when swallowing. |
| Excretion | Removal of waste materials produced by cells. |
| Fibre | Insoluble food material found in vegetables. |
| Fibrin | Insoluble fibres which form a clot. |
| Fibrinogen | A soluble blood protein which changes to fibrin in clotting. |
| FSH | Follicle stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland. |
| Gametes | Sex cells |
| Gene | A section of DNA which codes for the production of protein. |
| Genotype | The genes present to control a characteristic. |
| Glucagon | Hormone produced by pancreas which causes an increase in blood sugar. |
| Glucose | A simple sugar, the most common energy source used in respiration. |
| Glycogen | An insoluble carbohydrate made from glucose molecules. |
| Haemodialysis | Treatment of blood in dialysis machine. |
| Haemoglobin | Protein and iron compound which carries oxygen. |
| Heterozygous | The person has two different alleles for a characteristic, e.g. Aa |
| Homeostasis | The process by which the body maintains a constant internal environment. |
| Homozygous | The person has two identical alleles for a characteristics, e.g. aa or AA |
| Hormone | A chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands. |
| Hypothalamus | Region of brain containing temperature and pressure receptors. |
| Insulin | Hormone produced by pancreas which causes a reduction in blood sugar. |
| Lactic Acid | Chemicals produced in anaerobic respiration. |
| Lens | Focuses light onto the retina. |
| LH | Luteinising hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Stimulates follicle to burst and release the ovum. |
| Ligaments | Strong bands of connective tissue which hold bones together. |
| Lipase | Enzyme which digests lipids. |
| Lipid | Fat based food used for insulation and energy storage. |
| Lymphocyte | White blood cell which produce antibodies. |
| Malnutrition | Too much or too little food or lack of one or more essential nutrients. |
| Meiosis | Cell division which halves the number of chromosomes to make gametes. |
| Metabolism | The chemical reactions which take place in the body. |
| Microvilli | Folds on cells on surface of villi. |
| Mineral | Essential inorganic compounds needed for healthy growth, e.g. sodium chloride. |
| Mitochondria | Cell structures which release energy in aerobic respiration. |
| Mitosis | Cell division which produces two identical cells. |
| Motor Nerves | Nerves which carry impulses from the central nervous system to effectors. |
| Mucus | Fluid produced by cells to lubricate body tubes. |
| Mutation | Spontaneous change in a gene or chromosome. |
| Nucleus | Cell structure containing chromosomes and controls cell activity. |
| Oesophagus | The gullet, the pipe which carries food from mouth to stomach. |
| Oestrogen | Hormone produced by ovary which builds up the uterus lining. |
| Organ | A structure made from several tissues with a particular function. E.g. Heart |
| Osmoregulation | Control of water. |
| Osmosis | Net movement of water from a region of high concentration to low water concentration. |
| Osteoporosis | A condition where the bone mass is reduced. |
| Ovulation | Release of egg from the ovary. |
| Pancreas | Gland which produces insulin, glucagon and digestive enzymes. |
| Pathogens | Organisms which cause disease. |
| Peristalsis | Waves of muscle contraction. |
| Phagocyte | White blood cell which engulfs pathogens. |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance of a characteristic. |
| Pituitary | Endocrine gland at base of brain. |
| Placenta | Barrier between blood of mother and fetus which allows materials to diffuse across. |
| Plaque | Sticky layer on teeth containing bacteria. |
| Plasma | The liquid part of the blood. |
| Plasmid | Ring of DNA found in bacteria. |
| Platelets | Cell fragments in blood needed for clotting. |
| Progesterone | Hormone produced by ovary. |
| Protease | Enzyme which digests protein. |
| Protein | Food used for growth and repair. |
| Puberty | The age when the secondary sexual characteristics develop. |
| Radiotherapy | Treatment using radiation. |
| Receptors | Structures which detect stimuli. |
| Recessive | A characteristic which is masked when the dominant allele is present. |
| Recipient | The person who receives blood or organ. |
| Red blood cell | Blood cell containing haemoglobin. |
| Reflex action | An automatic response to a stimulus. |
| Respiration | Release of energy from food. |
| Retina | Contains light sensitive cells. |
| Ribosomes | Cell structures which make protein. |
| Rickets | Condition caused by lack of vitamin D. |
| Saliva | Alkaline fluid containing amylase. |
| Salivary Glands | Glands in cheek and under tongue. |
| Scurvy | Condition caused by lack of vitamin C. |
| Sense organs | Organs which contain receptor cells to detect external stimuli. |
| Sensory nerves | Nerves which carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system. |
| Sex Linked Gene | The gene is situated on the X chromosome. |
| Solute | A substance that dissolves in water. |
| Sperm | Male sex cell. |
| Sprain | Damage to ligaments. |
| Starvation | Lack of food. |
| Strains | Damage to muscle. |
| Suspensory Ligaments | Small 'strings' which are attached to the eye lens. |
| Synovial fluid | A fluid which lubricates joints and reduces friction. |
| Synovial Joint | Joints which contain synovial fluid and can move easily. |
| System | A group of organs which a shared function. E.g. circulatory system. |
| Tendon | Joins muscle to bone. |
| Testosterone | Hormone produced by testis. |
| Thermoregulation | Control of temperature. |
| Thryoxin | Hormone produced by thyroid gland which controls metabolic rate. |
| Thyroid | Endocrine gland in neck. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells. |
| Transfusion | Transfer of blood or blood products to a patient. |
| Tumour | An abnormal growth of cells. |
| Urea | Chemical made from excess amino acids found in urine. |
| Urine | Solution of urea, salts and other compounds. |
| Valves | Flaps to prevent backflow in circulation. |
| Vector | A carrier of disease - causing organisms. |
| Veins | Blood vessels which carry blood to the heart. |
| Ventricle | Lower chamber in heart. |
| Villi | Folds on surface of gut lining. |
| Vitamin | Nutrient needed in small quantities for healthy growth. |
| Voluntary action | An action which involves thinking by the brain. |
| White Blood Cell | Blood cell of the immune system. |
| Zygote | The first cell produced when the sperm fertilises the egg. |
Created by:
KerryWilliams
Popular Biology sets