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EnvirScncChp12 pt1
Environmental Science Chap12 part 1 exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are two water problems? | Quantity and Quality |
| Per capita availability of freshwater varies | regionally |
| Less than ______% of water is liquid FRESHWATER | One |
| Most of freshwater is | underground |
| Precipitation and snowmelt can become surface runoff and | quickly recharge surface water |
| Precipitation and snowmelt can infiltrate ground and ______ _______ underground layer of soil and permeable rock. | Slowly recharge |
| Area of LAND drained by a single river system | Watershed (a.k.a. Drainage Basin) |
| Flat land along river that floods periodically | Floodplain |
| Recharges groundwater, deposits nutrient rich sediment, replenishes water in WETLANDS | Ecological services and flooding |
| Levees and dams trap | sediment |
| Sinking of land and greater danger from flooding | Subsidence |
| __________ has contributed to Louisiana's (La.) coastal wetland loss. | Flood control |
| Flood control INCREASES risk of flooding by increasing amount of _______ | runoff |
| Flood control DECREASES rate of groundwater | recharge |
| _____________ is the most used natural resource | Water |
| _____________ ________________ if demand greater than supply | Water Shortage |
| Water is mostly used for _____________ | Agriculture |
| After use, water not returned to its original source is mostly ____________ | consumptive |
| List ways of obtaining more water: | pumping, dams, aqueducts, desalinization, conservation |
| Ground water is more easily _____________ than surface water do to SLOWER RATE OF RECHARGE | depleted |
| Over pumping groundwater can: | 1) reduce surface water supply 2) create sinkholes 3) cause subsidence 4) cause saltwater instrusion |
| _______________, a 'fossil' aquifer important in Great Plains agriculture. | Ogallala Aquifer |
| Three Gorges Dam, the largest in world, for ________________ | Hyrdopower |
| Colorado Damming and diversion of the Colorado River sustains cities and farms in arid southwest, but has reduced water flow into Gulf of California's _________________ | estuary |
| Since 1950's water from rivers flowing into lake diverted for irrigation, fishery collapsed because of lake too salty, local climate altered, dust, salt storms | Aral Sea |
| ______________ make freshwater by removing salts from ocean | Desalination |
| Problems with desalination method to make freshwater | requires much energy, reverse osmosis uses high pressure, uses heat |
| Reducing demand for water through ____________ | conservation |
| How to reduce water usage: | charge more for water, irrigate efficiently, use recycled water, use gray water |
| Landscaping using native plants is called _____________________ | Xeriscape |
| What are threats to wetlands? | agriculture and urban development |
| _________________________ is the creation or protection of wetland elsewhere would allow for destruction of other wetlands | Mitigation Banking |
| Remaining wetlands can be destroyed via | non-native invasive species and mitigation banking |
| Ecosystems that have been degraded by human activities can _______________. | recover |
| _____________________ restores ecosystems structure and function, eg - planting native vegetation, restoring wetlands, etc. | Ecological restoration |
| The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries: | Watershed |
| What is most water used for? | Agriculture |
| The biggest ecological restoration plan in the world is for | Florida Restoration |
| Most freshwater is ___________________- | frozen |
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Hier snipe
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