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The root
Botany: The Plant Root
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two main functions of roots? | Storage and conduction |
| What is the first root that originates in the embryo? | Primary root |
| What is another name for primary root? | Taproot |
| What does the primary root give rise to? | Lateral roots |
| What is the taproot and lateral root together called? | Taproot system |
| What part of the system do the younger roots reside? | At the bottom, near the root tip |
| In monocots, the primary root is short lived. Instead, main roots are borne from the stem. What are these main roots and lateral roots called? | Fibrous root system |
| What is the main difference between taproot systems and fibrous root systems? | Taproots can penetrate deeper into the soil than fibrous root systems |
| What are the factors that can effect how deeply a root can penetrate? | Moisture, temperature, and composition of the soil |
| What is the purpose of the rootcap? | It protects the apical meristem behind it |
| What are the slouched cells and growing root tip covered by? | Mucigel- a slimy sheath which lubricates the root as it grows |
| What is the most distal cell to the root tip is the least determined part of the root apical meristem called? | Promeristem |
| The region corresponding to the promeristem that becomes relatively inactive later on, even though the root is still growing | Quiescent center |
| Region of actively dividing cells | Apical meristem/Region of cell division |
| Behind the region of actively dividing cells, only a few mm in length. Above this region, the root doesn't increase in length. | Region of elongation |
| Region most of the cells of the primary tissues mature. Root hairs are also produced in this region. Also called the "root hair zone" | Region of maturation |
| What are the root hairs responsible for? | The uptake of water and minerals |
| What's the purpose of the root epidermis? | It allows the passage of water and minerals into the root. Mucigel covering the surface of roots provide an environment favorable to nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
| What part of the epidermis consists of mucigel, root hairs, slouched rootcap cells and associated microorganisms? | Rhizosphere |
| What makes up the greatest area of the primary body of most roots? | Cortex |
| What is the innermost layer of the cortex called? | Endodermis |
| What is the endodermis characterized by the presence of? | Casparian strips |
| What is the casparian strip made up of? | Superin and sometimes lignin, making them hydrophobic and impermeable to water and dissolved ions. Blocking apoplastic movement but allowing symplastic movement |
| What are vascular tissues made up of? | Xylem, phloem, pericycle |
| What are ground tissues made up of? | Endodermis, cortex, epidermis |
| What are dermal tissues made up of? | Epidermis |
| Protoxylem | Part of primary xylem that differentiates during elongation of the plant part it is in |
| Part of primary xylem that differentiates after the portion of the plant part has finished elongating | Metaxylem |
| Outermost layer of the cortex | Exodermis |
| Completely surrounds the vascular tissue | Pericycle |
| What are the roles of the pericycle | 1.) In plants undergoing secondary growth, it contributes to the vascular cambium, giving rise to cork cambium |
| Continue from #31 | Lateral roots arise in the pericycle |
| Secondary growth in roots and stems consist of? | Secondary vascular tissues and periderm. |
| True or false: monocots usually undergo secondary growth | False |
| How is secondary growth initiated? | By meristematic procambial cells located between primary xylem and primary phloem |
| How are secondary vascular tissues added to the root? | By repeated divisions toward the inside and outside. |
| What 3 tissue layers constitute the periderm? | Cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm |
| Going from outside to inside what are in the woody plant? | Remnants of cortex and epidermis,periderm,pericycle,1st phloem fibers,2nd phloem,vascular cambium, 2nd xylem, 1st xylem |
| How do you make a root primordium? | Cell division of endodermis and pericycle |
| What are plant examples that use air roots as prop roots? | Maize, mangrove, banyan tree, and some palms |
| What fruits or veggies act as roots? | Carrots, sweet potatoes |
| What fruits or veggies act as stems? | Potatoes |
Created by:
Patrickburkett12
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