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FA-2016 neuro pg 453
firstaid neuro page 453( based of FA 2016)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the signal transmitting cells of nervous system? | neurons |
| how often do neurons divide? | permanent cells - do not divide in adulthood |
| what are neurons? | signal relating cells with dendrites(receive input), cell body and axon(sends output) |
| what do dendrites do? | receive input |
| what do axons do? | sends output |
| cell body and dendrite can be stained how? | stained via nissl substance (stains RER) |
| why axons not stained? | no RER in the axon |
| what happens if axon is injured? | it undergoes wallerian degeneration |
| what is wallerian degeneration? | degeneration distal to injury and axonal retraction proximally |
| what is the work of wallerian degeneration? | allows for potential regeneration of axon(if in PNS) |
| function of axon? | physical Support, Repair, K+ metabolism, removal of excess neurotransmitter, component of BBB, glycogen fuel reserve buffer ( SRK is BG Removing excess neurotransmitter) |
| how do astrocyte respond to neural injury? | by Reactive gliosis |
| what is the marker for astocyte? | GFAP |
| astrocyte is derived from what? | neuroectoderm |
| what is microglia? | phagocytic scavenger cell of the neruvous system (mesodermal, mononuclear origin) |
| germ layer origin of microglia? | mesoderm |
| how do microglia stain with nissl stain? | not readily discernible with nissl stain |
| what happens to microglia in HIV? | HIV inected microglia fuse to form giant cell in the CNS |
| what is the function of myelin? | wraps and insulates axons : 1) increase space constant 2) increase conduction velocity |
| fuction (particularly increase condution velocity) of myelin result in what action? | saltatory conduction of action potential between node of ranvier, where there are high concentration of sodium channel |
| what makes myelin in CNS? | oligodendrocyte |
| what makes myelin in PNS? | schwann cells |
| each schwann cell myelinate how many PNS axon? | 1 PNS axon |
| function of schwann cell (similar to wallerian degeneration) | promotes axonal regeneration |
| schwann cell derived from where? | neural crest |
| proper function of schwann cell? | increase condution velocity via saltatory conduction at node of Ranvier, where there is high concentration of Na+ channel |
| schwann cells are destroyed in what disease? | Guillian barre syndrome |
| where is vestibular schwanoma(acoustic neuroma) located? | located in the internal acoustic meatus(CN VIII) |
| if acoustic neuroma is bilateral what is it associated with? | associated with Neurofibromatosis type 2 |
| each oligodendrocyte myelinate how many CNS axon? | multiple axon (upto 30) |
| what is the predominant glial cell in white matter? | oligodendroglia |
| how does oligodendroglia appear on H & E? | fried egg apprearenace |
| what are the disease if oligodendroglia is injured? | MS / Progressive multifocal leuckoencephalopathy (PML) / leukodystrophies |
| oligodendroglia derived form what? | neuroectoderm |
Created by:
nepal.sarthak1
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