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cell division vocab

mitosis , meiosis

TermDefinition
mitosis is nuclear division plus cytokinesis, and produces two identical daughter cells during prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
cytokinesis the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
replication the action of copying or reproducing something
cell cycle The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells
chromosomes a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
chromatid each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA
centromere the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.
chormatin the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
diploid containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
interphase the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
crossing over the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
tetrad a group or set of four.
synapsis the point at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another
polar bodies each of the small cells that bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova.
gametogenesis the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.
gonad an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.
gamete a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
ovum / ova a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.
sperm A male gamete, such as a spermatozoon of an animal or one of the cells or nuclei produced by a pollen grain of a plant. Also called sperm cell.
haploid having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. noun a haploid organism or cell.
Created by: luchito
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