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Science Chapter 17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Air Mass | a huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height |
| Maritime Tropical | warm, humid air masses form over the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic oceans |
| Maritime Polar | cool, humid air masses form over the icy cold North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans |
| Continental Tropical | hot, dry air masses form mostly in summer over dry areas of the Southwest and northern Mexico |
| Continental Polar | form over central and northern Canada and Alaska, bring bitterly cold weather with very low humidity |
| Cold Fronts | rapidly moving cold air mass overtakes a slow-moving warm air mass |
| Warm Fronts | a fast moving warm air mass overtakes a slower moving cold air mass |
| Stationary Fronts | a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and neither can move the other; may bring many days of precipitation |
| Occluded Fronts | a warm air mass is caught between to cold air masses |
| Low Pressure Systems | associated with clouds, wind, and precipitation; are marked with an L |
| High Pressure Systems | generally causes dry, clear weather; marked with an H |
| Storm | violent disturbance in the atmosphere |
| Thunderstorms | a small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation, strong winds and frequent thunder and lightning, forms in large cumulonimbus clouds |
| Flash Floods | sudden violent flood that occurs shortly after a storm |
| Tornadoes | rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch the Earth’s surface, can last for 15 minutes or less, and can reach speeds of 500 kilometers and hour |
| Hurricanes | tropical cyclone that forms over warm ocean water, is long lasting, and has winds of 119 kilometers (75 mph) or higher |
| 1st Stage of a Hurricane | Tropical wave |
| 2nd Stage of a Hurricane | Tropical disturbance |
| 3rd Stage of a Hurricane | Tropical depression |
| 4th Stage of a Hurricane | Tropical storm |
| 5th Stage of a Hurricane | Hurricane |
| Storm Surge | a dome of water that sweeps across the coast where the hurricane lands causing great damage |
| Hurricane Warning | hurricane conditions are expected within the next 24 hours and people should begin evacuation |
| Winter Storm | most dangerous aspect is often the wind |
| Lake-Snow Effects | cold, dry air blows over large lakes then over land |
| Meteorologist | scientist who study the weather and try to predict it. They use maps, charts, and computers to analyze weather data and to prepare forecast |
| Isobars | lines on a map joining places to show high and low pressure systems |
| Isotherms | line joining and varying colors to show places that have the same temperature |
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