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FA-2016 neuro pg 451
firstaid neuro page 451( based of FA 2016)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what happens in neural tube defect? | neuropore fail to fuse(4th week)>> persistent connection between amniotic cavity and spinal canal |
| neural tube defect are associated with what? | low folic acid intake before conception and during pregnancy |
| what are lab defect in the neural tube defect? | 1)elevated alpha feto protein in amniotic fluid and maternal serum 2)increase AChE in amnotic fluid is a confirmatory test |
| why AChE can be measured in NTD? | Because fetal AChE in CSF transudate across defect into the amniotic fluid |
| what is spina bifida occulta? | Failure of the spinal canal to close but no structural herniation. |
| spina bifida occulta is usually seen where? | lower vertebral level |
| status of dura in spina bifida occulta? | intact |
| spina bifida occulta is associated with what? | tuft of hair or skin dimple at level of bony defect |
| what is meningocele? | meninges(not spinal cord) herniate through spinal canal defect. |
| What is the level of AFP in Meningocele? | elevated AFP (normal AFP in Spina bifida occulta) |
| what is meningomyelocele? | Meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect |
| Meningomyelocele is seen with what? | Arnold chairi malformation type II |
| What is AFP level in Meningomyelocele? | Elevated AFP |
| what is anencephaly? | malformation of anterior neural tube resulting in no forebrain, open calvarium("frog like appeareance) |
| clinical finding in anencephaly? | increase AFP, Polyhydraminos(no swallowing center in brain) |
| why polyhydraminos in anencephaly? | because no swallowing center in brain |
| anencephaly is associated with what? | maternal diabetes type 1 |
| forebrain anomalies? | anencephaly and holoprosencephaly |
| what is holoprosencephaly? | failure of left and right hemisphere to seperate. |
| in what week holoprosencephaly seen? | 5-6 wk |
| etiology of holoprosencephaly? | mutation in sonic hedgehog signaling pathway |
| moderate form of holoprosencephaly has what? | cleft lip/palate ( also seen in patau>trisomy 13 and fetal alcohol syndrome) |
| severe form of holoprosencephaly has what? | cyclopia |
| what are Posterior fossa malformations? | arnold chairi malformation and dandy walker |
| what is arnold chairi malformation? | herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum with aquductal stenosis and hydrocephalus |
| arnold chairi malformation is associated with what? | lumbosacral myelomeningocele |
| paralysis of arnold chairi at what level? | below the defect |
| what is Dandy walker syndrome? | agenesis of cerebellar vermis and splenium with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle |
| which fossa is filled by dandy walker? | enlarged posterior fossa |
| Dandy waker syndrome is associated with what? | non communicating hydrocephalus and spinabifida |
Created by:
nepal.sarthak1
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