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Music Appreciation 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Romanticism | a style of art, literature, etc., during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that emphasized the imagination and emotions |
| Chromaticism | of or relating to a musical scale that has all semitones |
| Paris | center of music and art during Romantic Period |
| song | has to be sung with text |
| Franz Schubert | heir to the Classical Period, bridged the gap from Classicism to Romanticism |
| Berlioz | Father of the Modern Orchestra |
| nationalism | celebrates your country |
| Bach, Beethoven, Brahms | three B's of Music |
| opera | story set to singing |
| Verdi | most important Italian opera during Romantic period |
| Richard Wagner | most important German operas written by |
| Tchaikovsky | Russian, Nutcracker |
| ballet | story set to dance |
| Impressionism | painters tried to capture on canvas the freshness of their first impressions and the continuous change in the appearance of their subjects through varied treatment of light and color |
| vernacular | common language |
| ragtime | vital precursor of jazz, ragged rhythm |
| W.C. Handy | father of the blues |
| strophic | form in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza, or strophe, of the poem; hymns, carols, folk, and popular songs |
| through-composed | proceeds from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections |
| minstrel shows | racially charged theatrical variety shows |
| parlor songs | often sweet, sentimental, and nostalgic blend |
| minstrelsy | shows featured white performers in blackface, acting out idealized "scenes from the plantation" that were vastly different from the realities of slave life |
| rubato | robbed time |
| program music | instrumental music with literary or pictorial associations |
| absolute music | pure music which consists of musical patters that are designed without intended literary or pictorial meanings |
| idee fixe | fixed idea, recurrent theme, acts as a musical thread unifying the five diverse movements |
| overture | not associated with opera: a single-movement concert piece for orchestra that might evoke a land- or seascape, or embody a patriotic or literary idea |
| incidental music | usually consists of an overture and a series of pieces performed between the acts of a play and during important scenes |
| absolute music | without a program, relying entirely on structures of sound for its expressive power |
| music drama | the arts of music, poetry, drama, and visual spectacle were fused together to create |
| leitmotifs | leading motives that recur throughout a work, undergoing variation and development like the themes and motives of a symphony |
| geisha | most closely equivalent to a courtesan in Western culture; these women were highly trained in the arts of classical music, poetry, and dancing, and were easily recognizable by their black, laquered hair, distinctive makeup, and ornate silk kimono |
| camp meetings | lasting days or even weeks, African Americans and European Americans alike gathered to sing hymns of praise, to popular or folk tunes of the time |
| ring shout | developed by the slaves from African traditions into an extended call and response that built to a religious fervor |
| spiritual | crystallized as both a way of worship and subversive political endeavor, with coded messages about earthly escape concealed in texts that promised heavenly deliverance |
| surrealism | explored the world of dreams |
| expressionism | made a significant impact on music of the early twentieth century |
| vaudeville | combined all kinds of comedic theatrical and musical acts, many written by immigrant composers and often satirizing new immigrants in ways similar to the portrayal of African Americans in minstrelsy |
| changing meter | metrical flow shifted constantly, sometimes with each measure |
| polyrhythm | the simultaneous use of several patterns |
| polyharmony | multiple streams of harmony |
| atonality | elimination of harmonic centers altogether |
| serialism | twelve-tone composition |
| jazz | roots lie in African traditions, Western popular and art music, and African American ceremonial and work songs |
| blues | a genre based on three-line stanzas set to a repeating harmonic pattern, was an essential factor in the rise of jazz |
| blue notes | sung over standard harmonic progressions, "pitch bending" |
| chorus | a single statement of a melodic-harmonic pattern |
| cool jazz | a laid-back style characterized by dense harmonies, lowered levels of volume, moderate tempos, and a new luricism |
| ethnomusicologists | people who study music in its cultural and global context |
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