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Chapter 6

Bilogy Chapter 6 Quiz

QuestionAnswer
1) Who is the father of Genetics? Gregor Mendel
2) What organism did he use to study genetics? Pea plants
3) What is a trait? Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited
4) What is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation? Genetics
described traits as being inherited as discrete whats? Units
6) Name the 3 decisions Mendel used in his experiments –use of purebred plants ; –control over breeding ; –observation of seven “either-or” traits
7) What does the “P” generation represent in Mendel's experiments? The parent or the pure generation
8) What did he do to the “P” generation to produce the “F1” generation? He interrupted the self pollenation process by removing the male parts of the flower
9) What does the “F1” generation represent? The first generation of offspring
10) How did he pollinate the “F1” generation? He allowed them to self pollinate
11) After crossing the “P” generation, what was the phenotype of the “F1” generation? All offspring were purple
12) After crossing the “F1” generation, what was the phenotype(s) of the “F2” generation? 75% were purple; 25% were white flowers
13) List the seven “either-or” traits Mendel studied in his plants. . Pea shape; pea color; pod color; pod shape; flower color; plant height; flower position
14) What were the 3 important conclusions Mendel drew from his experimen– Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent; –The two copies segregate during gamete formation
15) As a result of these conclusions, what law was developed? The law of segregation
16) What is a gene? A piece of DNA that directs a cell to make a certain protein
17) What is a locus? a specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes
18) What is an allele? any alternative form of a gene occurring at a specific locus on a chromosome
19) How many alleles does an offspring receive from its parents? One from each parent
20) If two alleles are the same at a specific locus, that pair is called what? Homologous
21) If two alleles are different at a specific locus, that pair is called what? Heterozygous
22) What do genes influence? Development of traits
23) What is the term used for “an organism's genetic material”? genome
24) What is a genotype? The genetic make-up; the combination of alleles
25) What is a phenotype? The physical appearance
26) How do you represent alleles? With letters
27) How do you write a dominant allele? With a capital letter
28) How do you write a recessive allele? With a lower case letter
29) What is a Punnett square? A grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross
30) What does it represent? The probability of possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
31) What is a monohybrid cross? A cross involving one trait
32) What is a test cross? A cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype
33) What is a dihybrid cross? A cross involving two traits
34) What is the law of independent assortment? States that allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis.
35) What is probability? The likelihood that something will happen
36) What does probability predict? An average number of occurrences
37) How do you calculate probability? The number of ways a specific event can occur divided by the number of total possible outcomes
38) Crossing over during meiosis increases what? Genetic diversity
39) What happens to genes that are located farther apart from one another on a chromosome? They are more likely to be separated by crossing over
40) What is genetic linkage? Genes located close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together
Created by: morbidloner66
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