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Biology Chapter 26
Sponges & Cnidarians
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Invertebrates | animals that don't have a backbone or vertical column |
| Vertebrates | animals that have a backbone |
| Feedback Inhibition | the product or result of a process stops or limits the process |
| Bastula | a hallow ball of cells |
| Protostome | an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore |
| Deuterostome | an animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore |
| Anus | is the opening through which the wastes leave the digestive tract |
| Endoderm | innermost germ layer; develops into linings of the digestive tract and much of the respiratory system |
| Mesoderm | middle germ layer; gives rise to the muscles and much of the circulatory, respiratory and excretory organ systems |
| Ectoderm | outermost germ layer; gives rise to sense organs, nerves and outer most layer of the skin |
| Radical Symmetry | in which any number of imaginary planes can be drawn through the center, dividing the body into equal halves |
| Bilateral Symmetry | only a single imaginary plane can divide the body into two equal halves |
| Cephalization | the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front end of the body; breathing |
| Choanocytes | specialized cells that use flagella to move a steady current of water through the sponge; also known as collar cells |
| Osculum | a large hole at the top of the sponge |
| Spicule | a spike-shaped structure made of chalk like calcium carbonate or grass like silica that give support and structure to the sponge |
| Archaeocytes | specialized cells that move around within in the walls of a sponge and makes spicules |
| Internal Fertilization | when eggs are fertilized inside the sponge |
| Larva | an immature stage of an organism that looks different from the adult form |
| Gemmules | are groups of archaeocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicule; way of reproducing for sponges when conditions are harsh |
| Cindocytes | stinging cells that are located along their tentacles |
| Nematocyst | a poison filled stinging structure that contains a tightly coiled dart |
| Polypmedusa | a motile, bell shaped body with the mouth on the bottom |
| Gastrovascular Cavity | a digestive chamber with one opening |
| Nerve Net | a loosely organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarins to detect stimuli such as the touch of a foreign object |
| Hydrostatic Skeleton | consists of a layer of circular muscles and a layer of longitudinal muscles that together with the water in the gastrovascular cavity, enable the cnidarian to move |
| External Fertilization | egg is fertilized outside the females body |
| Division of Labor | certain cells performing certain functions |
| Polyp | 1 out of the 2 stages of a Cnidarian (asexual stage) |
| Medusa | 1 out of the 2 stages of a Cnidarian (sexual stage) |
| Motile | being able to move |
| Sessile | not being able to move |
| Porifera | the phylum that sponges are grouped into |
| Cnidaria - Hydrozoa | one of the classes that Cnidarians are grouped into; made up of hydras and their relatives |
| Cnidaria - Scyphoza | one of the classes that Cnidarians are grouped into; made up of true jellyfish |
| Cnidaria - Anthozoa | one of the classes that Cnidarians are grouped into; made of sea anemones and corals |
| Gastroderm | inner lining of the gastrovascular cavity |
| Bioluminescence | the production of light by an organism to ward off predators |
| Characteristics of Animals | eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs and lack cell walls in cells |
| Herbivores | animals that feed on plants |
| Carnivores | animals that feed on other animals |
| Filter Feeders | aquatic animals that strain tiny floating organisms from water |
| Detritivores | animals that feed on decaying plant and animal material |
| Statocyst | sensory cells |
| Hermaphrodite | organism can make both sperm and egg |
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