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Microbiology- Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inorganic nutrients | contains a combination of atoms other than C & H Ex- metals, salts, water |
| Organic nutrients | contain C & H atoms, usually products of living things Ex- methane, carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| Heterotroph | obtain carbon in organic form made by other living organisms |
| Autotroph | organism that uses Co2, an inorganic gas as its carbon source, not nutritionally dependent on living things |
| Chemotroph | gain energy from chemical compounds, relates to carbon |
| Phototroph | gain energy through photosynthesis |
| Passive transport | does not require energy, higher concen to lower ex- Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
| Active transport | requires energy & carrier proteins, gradient independent Ex- Active transport, group translocation, bulk transport (endo/ exocytosis) |
| Facilitated diffusion | down a concentration gradient, specific for molecule, maximal rate per transport protein, faster if more proteins added |
| Uniport | move one molecule one direction |
| Antiport | when one molecule moves in, another moves out, specific to two molecules |
| Symport | moves two molecules either in or out at same time, specific to two molecules |
| Psychrophiles | cold, below 15 c, can survive at 0 c |
| Mesophiles | optimum 20-40 c, most human pathogens |
| Thermophiles | “hot” greater than 45 c |
| Obligate aerobe | cannot grow without oxygen, lacks enzyme |
| faculative/ aerotolerant aerobe | utilizes oxygen but can also grow in its absence |
| Microaerophilic | requires a small amount of oxygen |
| Capnophile | grows best at higher c02 |
| Obligate acidophiles | grow at extreme acid pH |
| Alkalinophiles | grow at extreme alkaline pH |
| Halophiles | require a high concentration of salt |
| Osmotolerant | don’t require high concentration of solute but can tolerate it |
| Barophiles | can survive under extreme pressure |
| Symbiotic | organisms live in close nutritional relationships |
| Mutalism | obligatory, dependent, both benefit |
| Commensalism | one member benefits, other unharmed |
| Parasitism | one dependent and benefits, other harmed |
| Nonsymbiotic | organisms are free living, not required for survival |
| Synergism | members cooperate and share nutrients |
| Antagonism | some member are inhibited or destroyed by others |
| Rate population growth | time required for complete fission cycle → generation |
| Methods of analyzing population growth | Turbidometry, Viable colony count- single cells grow into colonies, count colonies, Direct cell count, count all cells present |
Created by:
brit24
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