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milestones study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Coordinate adjectives | two adjectives in a row that modify a noun and usually need a comma between them (It was a bright, sunny day.) |
| Redundancy | a word or phrase that repeats something else and is unnecessary |
| Context | the words or phrases surrounding another word or phrase, helping to give clear meaning |
| Allusion | an indirect reference to something else, usually in literature ("He was a real scrooge" is an allusion to Ebenezer Scrooge from Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol.") |
| Analogy | a comparison of two things that are somehow alike or different (Just like soldiers use weapons, writers use pens) This could also be written as SOLDIERS:WEAPONS::WRITERS:PENS and read as "Soldiers are to weapons as writers are to pens." |
| Connotation | an implied meaning that the author intends, which may differ from the literal or dictionary meaning of the word |
| Phrase | a group of words that does not contain a complete subject and verb, used to modify and add details to clarify meaning |
| Clause | a group of words that contains a complete subject and verb, used to construct sentences; there are two types of clauses: independent and dependent (subordinate) |
| Compound sentence | a sentence made from TWO independent clauses joined together in one of two ways: 1. a comma and a coordinating conjunction or 2. a semicolon (He plays basketball in the gym after school, and he enjoys the exercise and camaraderie.) |
| Complex sentence | a sentence made from ONE independent clause and ONE dependent clause (He enjoys the exercise and comaraderie when he plays basketball in the gym after school although it gives him less time for homework!) |
| Compound-complex sentence | a sentence made from TWO independent clauses and ONE dependent clause (He plays basketball in the gym after school, and he enjoys the exercise and comaraderie although it gives him less time for homework.) |
| Adjective (adjectivial) phrase | a phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun in a sentence (The dog COVERED IN MUD looked pleased with himself.) |
| Adverb (adverbial) phrase | a phrase that modifies a verb in a sentence (The dog ran around UNTIL MORNING.) |
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