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Weathering And Erosi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weathering | the various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose. |
| erosion | the process by which the surface of the earth is worn away by the action of water, glaciers, winds, waves, etc. |
| physical weathering | any of the various weathering processes that cause physical disintegration of exposed rock without any change in the chemical composition of the rock |
| chemical weathering | any of the various weathering processes that cause exposed rock to undergo chemical decomposition, changing the chemical and mineralogical composition of the rock |
| frost action | a collective term for several mechanical weathering processes induced by stresses created by the freezing of water into ice. |
| soil | the portion of the earth's surface consisting of disintegrated rock and humus. |
| humus | the dark organic material in soils, produced by the decomposition of vegetable or animal matter and essential to the fertility of the earth. |
| soil horizon | a thin, distinctive stratum useful for stratigraphic correlation. |
| zone of aeration | the zone between the land surface and the water table in which the pore spaces between soil and rock particles contain water, air, and/or other gases. |
| leaf litter | Decomposing leaf litter releases nutrients into the soil and also keeps it moist. |
| topsoil | the fertile, upper part of the soil. |
| sediments | mineral or organic matter deposited by water, air, or ice. |
| deposition | Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. |
| discharge | In hydrology, discharge is the volume rate of water flow, including any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals (e.g. CaCO3(aq)), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms), which is transported through a given cross-sectional area. |
| glacier action | Glacial landforms are landforms created by the action of glaciers. |
| suspended solids | Suspended solids refers to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water. |
| bedrock | unbroken solid rock, overlaid in most places by soil or rock fragments |
| aquifer | any geological formation containing or conducting ground water, especially one that supplies the water for wells, springs, etc. |
| terrace | a terrace is a step-like landform. A terrace consists of a flat or gently sloping geomorphic surface, called a tread, that is typically bounded one side by a steeper ascending slope, which is called a "riser" or "scarp." |
| runoff | something that drains or flows off, as rain that flows off from the land in streams. |
| karst topography | A landscape that is characterized by numerous caves, sinkholes, fissures, and underground streams. |
| watershed | the region or area drained by a river, stream, etc.; drainage area. |