Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
OPT Respiratory II
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pulmonary thromboembolism | when blood clots from somewhere else in the body (95% come from the deep leg veins) occlude the pulmonary arteries; seen in prolonged bedrest, birthcontrol |
| saddle emboli | large embolus that lodges on bifurcation of pulmonary artery causing complete blockage |
| acute cor pulmonale | acute dilation of the right heart that can cause sudden death |
| pulmonary hypertension | usually secondary to obstructive lung disease, recurrent pulmonary emboli or heart defects (left to right shunts) |
| Goodpasture syndrome | glomerulonephritis with interstitial pneumonitis; autoimmune disorder that attacks type IV collagen in basement membranes in kidneys and lungs |
| Wegener granulomatosis (pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis) | group of systemic vasculitides affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract and kidneys |
| pneumonia | any infection involving the lung |
| bronchopneumonia | patchy distribution of inflammation that involves multiple lobes but little damage to the septa; lung is restored after resolution |
| lobar pneumonia | part or all of a lobe is filled with exudate; usually Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| primary atypical pneumonia | infections by viruses and mycoplasma that cause inflammation of the interstitial tissues; inflammatory reaction is contained to the alveoli and the alveolar spaces are free of exudate |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | organism that most commonly causes primary atypical pneumonias |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | aka {pneumococcal pneumonia}; most common cause of community-acquired acute pneumonias and often in lobar pneumonias |
| lobar pattern of pneumonia | 1. congestion 2. red hepatization 3. gray hepatization 4. resolution |
| fibrinous pleuritis | begins during the red hepatization stage and resolves with the infection |
| bronchopneumotic pattern | patchy pattern of inflammation, no pleural involvement |
| Haemophilus influenzae | organism that causes acute exacerbation of COPD |
| Staphylococcus aureus | organism that causes nosocomial pneumonia and follows some viral respiratory infections |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Gram- organism that causes bacterial pneumonia in chronic alcoholics |
| Legionella pneumophila | agent of {Legionnaire's disease}; lives in artificial water containment and is inhaled, resistant to many antibiotics |
| Nosocomial pneumonia | hospital acquired pneumonias |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | common pathogen associated with nosocomial infections |
| aspiration pneumonia | occurs in patients that aspirate gastric contents causing infection |
| lung abscess | area of suppurative necrosis in lung parenchyma that forms large cavities; anaerobic bacteria from the mouth can form these |
| chronic pneumonia | localized lesion in immunocompromised usually with granulomatous inflammation |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | causative agent in chronic pneumonias |
| tuberculosis | communicable disease caused by {Mycobacterium tuberculosis}; usually an asymptomatic pulmonary infection |
| tuberculin (Mantoux) test | detects infection of M. tuberculosis using the allergenic hypersensitivity reaction to tubercular antigens |
| purified protein derivative (PPD) | injected intracutaneously and induces visible induration if positive |
| caseous necrosis | central necrosis of cheesy necrotic debris |
| caseating granulomatous inflammation | type of inflammation seen in tuberculosis and chronic pneumonias |
| primary tuberculosis | develops in non-sensitized, previously unexposed people, almost always by inhaling the organism |
| Ghon focus | tubercle in the lung |
| Ghon complex | tubercles in lungs and lymph nodes |
| progressive primary tuberculosis | occurs when primary tuberculosis progresses without interruption; seen in HIV patients, lymphohematogenous dissemination is a dreaded complication |
| secondary tuberculosis | reactivation of a primary lesion when the host is weakened |
| cavitation | large areas of lung necrosis from continuously growing tubercles |
| tuberculous pneumonia | tuberculosis that spreads to involve large areas of the lungs |
| miliary tuberculosis | systemically disseminated tuberculosis that occurs once blood vessels become involved |
| scrofula | involvement of neck lymph nodes by tuberculosis |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | leading cancer death in industrialized countries; from cigarette smoking |
| non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | lung cancer best treated by surgery; includes squamous cell carcinomas (smokers) |
| small cell lung cancer (SCLC) | lung cancer best treated by chemo because has usually metastasized |
| mesothelioma | pleural tumor due to occupational exposure to asbestos; smoking in conjunction with asbestos does not increase the risk of this cancer |
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma | linked with Epstein-Barr virus, in Chinese people; non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (undifferentiated) is most common type and very radiosensitive |
| carcinoma of the larynx | cancer seen in men, smokers, usually squamous cell carcinomas; persistent hoarseness |
Created by:
aharnold
Popular Science sets