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Topic #7 SECOND HALF
These are the terms from the SECOND HALF of the topic only.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | the study of how traits are inherited |
| heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| trait | a characteristic that is caused by genes |
| allele | different versions of a gene that cause the variations of a trait |
| dominant | the form of a gene that covers up (dominates) the weaker form of the gene |
| recessive | the form of a gene that gets covered up if the dominant form of the gene is present |
| Punnett square | a tool to predict possible offspring’s genes based on parents’ genes (invented by Reginald Punnett 50 years after Mendel’s studies of pea plants) |
| gamete | science name for a reproductive cell; examples are sperm and egg |
| zygote | science name for a fertilized egg cell when it is still just a single cell |
| homozygous | when both alleles in a pair are the same (both dominant or both recessive) |
| heterozygous | when the two alleles in a pair are different (one is dominant and one is recessive) |
| genotype | a pair of capital and/or lower case letters to represent an organism’s genetic makeup |
| phenotype | the physical trait that shows up because of an organism’s genotype |
| probability | a measurement of the chance (likelihood) of an event happening |
| independent | when the chance of one event happening does not affect the chance of another event happening |
| pedigree | a branching chart with symbols to show relationships of genetic traits for multiple generations of a family – also called a family tree |
Created by:
wholt
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