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Geological
| Question | |
|---|---|
| fossil | the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. |
| index fossil | narrow range in time, regarded as characteristic of a given geological formation, used especially in determining the age of related formations. |
| permineralized remains | a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. Carried by water, these minerals fill the spaces within organic tissue |
| molds and casts | Organisms buried in sediment may decay or dissolve away leaving a cavity or mold. If the space is subsequently filled with sediment, an external cast can be made. Molds and casts are three dimensional and preserve the surface contours of the organism. |
| Trace fossils | a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself. |
| Relative age | absolute dating, where geologists use radioactive decay to determine the actual age of a rock |
| Superposition | a principle of quantum theory that describes a challenging concept about the nature and behavior of matter and forces at the sub-atomic level. |
| horizontality | at right angles to the vertical; parallel to level ground. |
| Absolutre age | is the true age of a rock or fossil. Absolute age tells scientists the number of years ago a rock layer formed |
| half life | The term is very commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo decay |
| isotopes | The number of nucleons (both protons and neutrons) in the nucleus is the atom's mass number, and each isotope of a given element has a different mass number |
| radioactive decay | also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity, is the process by which the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays and conversion electrons. |
| geologic time | a system of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy to time, and is used by geologists, paleontologists, and other Earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred throughout Earth's history. |
| Eon | an indefinite and very long period of time, often a period exaggerated for humorous or rhetorical effect. |
| Era | a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic. |
| Period | a length or portion of time |
| Epoch | a period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics |
| Pangaea | a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods. |
| Trilobite | an extinct marine arthropod that occurred abundantly during the Paleozoic era, with a carapace over the forepart, and a segmented hind part divided longitudinally into three lobes. |
| Precambrian | International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)period of time that extends from about 4.6 billion years ago (the point at which Earth began to form) to the beginning of the Cambrian Period, 541 million years ago. The Precambrian represents more than 80 per |
| Meszoic era | The dinosaurs and the mammals appeared during the Triassic period, roughly 225 million years ago |
| cenozoic era | spans only about 65 million years, from the end of the Cretaceous Period and the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs to the present. |
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