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chapter 8 vocab
DNA and Genes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nucleotides | the small units or monomers, that make up DNA |
Double Helix | model in two strands of wind DNA-around each other |
Base Pairing Rules | the bases of the two DNA strands always pair up in the same way |
Replication | the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
DNA Polymers | a group of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides together |
Central Dogma | molecular biolog which states hat information flowsa in one direction |
RNA | or ribonucleic acid is a chain of nucleotides each made of a sugar a phosphate group and nitrogen containing base |
Transcription | is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of DNA |
RNA Polymerases | enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new molecule |
Messenger RNA | is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protien |
Ribosomal RNA | forms part of ribosomes a cells protein factories |
Transfer RNA | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to make the growing protein |
Translation | is the process that converts or translates an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
Condon | is a three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
Stop Condons | signal the end of the amino acid chain |
Start condons | signals the start of translation and the amino acid chain |
Anticodon | is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an rna condon |