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Chapter 8 Bioglogy
VACOB
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleotide | monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base. |
| Double helix | model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder. |
| Base pairing rules | rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; Adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C). |
| Replication | process by which DNA is copied. |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication. |
| Central dogma | Theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA TO RNA to proteins. |
| RNA | nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis. |
| Transcription | process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA. |
| RNA polymerase | enzymes that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template. |
| Messenger RNA | form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. |
| Ribosomal RNA | RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock. |
| Transfer RNA | form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. |
| Translation | process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced |
| Codon | sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid |
| Stop Codon | codon that signals ribosomes to stop translation |
| Start Codon | codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein. |
| Anticodon | set of three nucleotides in tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation. |
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