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Bio 102
Stack #219047
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aristotle | if you mix male and female fluids (blood) you get true blood. |
| Pangenes | Move through reproductive organs |
| Spermists | Believed a little human lived in the sperm |
| Ovists | Believed a human was in the egg and sperm sparked life |
| Blending theory-Mendel | Traits from both parents are blended and insepirable in offspring |
| Mendel | True blending |
| Monohybrid | One trait |
| Dihybrid | Two traits |
| Phenotype | Traits observable |
| Genotype | Versions of genes called alleles |
| Fredrich Miescher | "Nuclien" a.k.a DNA |
| Chromosomes and DNA | Chromosomes consist of DNA and protein |
| Fredrich Griffith Smooth? Rough? Heated smooth?heated smooth + rough? | Streptococcus Disease,smooth killed, Rough lived, Heated smooth made the mice live, and heated + smooth they died QUICKLY |
| DNA | DNA is made up of Phosphate, Sugars, and 4 bases. A=T, C=G |
| DNA does what? | Wraps around protein, protein re-organizes DNA. |
| Genes | Parts of DNA that code for protein |
| Protein Structure | Structure, Storage, Transportation, Regulation, Communication, Protection |
| Transcription | MRna makes a copy of gene |
| Translation | Determines the order of amino acids |
| Genetic Engineering | rBGH |
| Plasmid | Multiplies in bacteria |
| Transgenic | when an organism contains DNA from another species |
| Cancer | A series of mutations cause uncontrollable cell growth |
| Mitosis | Cell Division |
| Apoptis | Cell Death |
| Free Radicals | Mutagens damage DNA |
| Genome | hereditary information is common between individuals of the same species |
| Hox Gene | Organizes the head, thorax, and abdomen |
| Transposons | Non-coding DNA that can be copied and moved around |
| Bookmarks | Can turn certain genes on |
| Epigenes | changes genes functioning |
| Enhancement Gene Therapy | Enhances ones phenotype |
| Drift and flow | Gene flow, Survival of the luckiest, and changes in alleles is random VS. natural selection |
| Mutations | Production of alleles |
| Selection | certain alleles are favored |
| Genetic drift | Random changes in frequency |
| gene flow | alleles move between populations |
| Mass Extinction- Catastrophes | Directly kill organisms. |
| Climate change | Species Survival |
| Other species | Competing with similar organisms |
| Current extinction | 20 million species in the world, and only 2 million identified |
| Extinction rate | 10 thousand/year |
| Habitat loss | means accelerated extinction rate |
| Other causes of extinction | Introduced species VS. Endermo and unregulated hunting and collecting |
| hominan/hominids | human-like species, bipedal/upright, about 5 MYA |
| sanelanthropus | 7 MYA |
| Major Transition on human evolution=5 MYA | Major climate change |
| Ardipithecus, Australpithecus | 2.5 MYA, stone tools, and larger brains |
| Homo Erectus | 1.5 MYA Larger hand axe tools, and shelters |
| Homo Sapiens, Homo Neanderthalensis | 500 TYA, social cooperation, and better tools |
| Homo Sapiens Sapiens | 50 TYA, modern minds, burials, jewelery, and paintings |
| Homo floresciencis | At least 13 tya |
| Hominan evolutionary context | Parasites, new enviornment, social interaction, genetic constraints |
| Relative Fitness | An individuals chance of leaving its offspring compared to others |
| Ethology | the study of animal behavior |
| Innate Behavior | Drive, Reflex |
| Behavior | Impacts fitness |
| Genes | Determine Innate behavior |
| Experiences | lead to learned behavior |
| Learned Behaviors | Imprinting, habituation, associative learning, latent learning |
| Factors Impacting fitness | Territory, mates, limited resources, food and water, continual threats. |
| Animal Defense | Fight, flight/flee, hide/freeze |
| Social Behaviors Impact Fitness | Pair Bonding, many mates, parental care |
| Reciprocal altruism | organisms sacrifice resources for each other, Problem-cheating, Solution-long term relationships |
| Inclusive Fitness | Reproductive success of relatives |
| Cognition | understanding the world |
| Intelligence | cognitive capacity |
| Types of intelligence | musical, logical+linguistic/mathematical, bodily kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal |
| Intelligence is linked | to protein changes in the brain |
| Human Behavior-Few | human behaviors are linked to genetic variation |
| Genetics and enviornment | impact behaviors |
| Circadian Rythms | genes strongly impact |
| Hypothalamus | turns genes on and off releasing hormones |
| Genes impact | emotions |
| concentrations | of protein hormones and receptors make emotions more likely |
| Genes are critical | for brain development |
| Dyslexia | has at least 8 different chromosomial differences than normal |
Created by:
fanaka1
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