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LE BasicGenetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genes | segment of DNA on a chromosome that contains the code for a specific trait |
| Chromosomes | thick threadlike structure that contains genetic information in form of DNA |
| Alleles | any of several forms of a gene |
| Dominant | 1 allele masks another in a hybrid mix; expressed allele is dominant |
| Recessive | the trait that is hidden or not expressed when in the heterozygous form (Tt) |
| Homozygous | having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics |
| Heterozygous | having dissimilar pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics |
| Hybrid | having dissimilar pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics; heterozygous |
| Genotype | genetic make up of the organism |
| Phenotype | appearance of the organism |
| Segregation | separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis |
| Recombination | restoration of diploid number in fertilization |
| Crossing over | the interchange of corresponding chromatid segments of homologous chromosomes with their linked genes |
| Synapsis | the pairing of homologous chromosomes, one from each parent, during early meiosis |
| Test cross | involves the breeding of an individual with a phenotypically recessive individual, in order to determine genotype of parent |
| Intermediate inheritance | the phenotype of the hybrid is different from both parents |
| Codominance | the phenotype of both dominant alleles is expressed (AB) |
| Independent assortment | traits are inherited independently |
| gene linkage | genes on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together |
| sex determination | determined by the presence of the y chromosome |
| autosomes | non sex chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | x and y chromosomes |
| x linkage | trait is located on the x chromosome with no corresponding allele on the y |
| hemophilia | inability of blood to clot |
| colorblindness | inability to distinguish red/green colors; mostly in males |
| mutation | change in genetic material |
| nondisjunction | pair of homologous chromosomes fail to separate after synapses gametes with > or < n chromosomes (trisomy 21) |
| polyploidy | form of nondisjunction that results in extra set of chromosomes; 3n |
| deletion | segment of chromosome is lost |
| translocation | segment of chromosome breaks off and reattaches to nonhomologous chromosome |
| inversion | segment of chromosome breaks off & reattaches at new point on original chromosome resulting in a change in the order of the genes |
| gene mutation | random change in the chemical nature of genetic material (DNA) |
| mutagenic agent | substances that cause gene mutations (X rays, UV light, radioactive substances, formaldehyde, asbestos fibers, cigarette smoke) |
Created by:
jgarrisi
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