click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
J.Sills Osmosis
Question | Answer |
---|---|
diffusion | movement of particles from high to low concentration |
osmosis | movement of water from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane |
selectively permeable | some materials can enter and exit, but not all |
concentration gradient | "natural flow from high to low" concentration |
isotonic | water flows in and out of cell at same rate; balanced; state of homeostasis |
hypotonic (direction of water flow) | water enters cell causing it to swell |
hypertonic (direction of water flow) | water exits cell the cell causing it to shrink |
passive transport | transport in cells that does not need energy because movement is with the gradient; (like riding the "down" escalator) |
active transport | transport that needs energy because movement is against the gradient; (like going "up" the "down" escalator) |
facilitated diffusion | substances diffuse across the cell membrane with help from transport proteins |
transport protein | proteins that transport substances across the cell membrane |
endocytosis | cell "engulfs" particles that are too big to cross membrane; materials in |
exocytosis | cell "expels" substances that are too big to cross membrane; materials exit |
cell membrane | semi-permeable barrier between cells internal and external environment |
hypertonic (concentration of water) | higher concentration of water inside of the cell |
hypotonic (concentration of water) | higher concentration of water outside of the cell |
surface tension | stronger attractive force of water molecules on the surface of water |
capillary action | upward movement of water through narrow tubes in plants. |
solvent | a substance that dissolves another |
solute | the substance being dissolved |
solution | the solute and solvent mixed together |
hydrophobic | will not mix with water; "water fearing" |
hydrophilic | mixes with water; "water loving" |
homeostasis | state of maintaining constant, stable, balanced conditions for survival; also called "dynamic equilibrium" |
polar/polarity | having unequal/uneven distribution of charges (+ and -) |
Cohesion | water molecules sticking to other water molecules |
adhesion | water molecules sticking to other things |
pH | measure of how acidic or basic a substance is |
acid | pH below 7 |
base | pH above 7 |
Neutral | pH of 7 |
atom | basic building blocks of all matter |
element | basic substance that cannot be broken down any further. |
Reactant | what you start a chemical reaction with; on left side of the arrow |
Product | what you end end the reaction with; on right side of arrow. |