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J.Sills Osmosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diffusion | movement of particles from high to low concentration |
| osmosis | movement of water from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane |
| selectively permeable | some materials can enter and exit, but not all |
| concentration gradient | "natural flow from high to low" concentration |
| isotonic | water flows in and out of cell at same rate; balanced; state of homeostasis |
| hypotonic (direction of water flow) | water enters cell causing it to swell |
| hypertonic (direction of water flow) | water exits cell the cell causing it to shrink |
| passive transport | transport in cells that does not need energy because movement is with the gradient; (like riding the "down" escalator) |
| active transport | transport that needs energy because movement is against the gradient; (like going "up" the "down" escalator) |
| facilitated diffusion | substances diffuse across the cell membrane with help from transport proteins |
| transport protein | proteins that transport substances across the cell membrane |
| endocytosis | cell "engulfs" particles that are too big to cross membrane; materials in |
| exocytosis | cell "expels" substances that are too big to cross membrane; materials exit |
| cell membrane | semi-permeable barrier between cells internal and external environment |
| hypertonic (concentration of water) | higher concentration of water inside of the cell |
| hypotonic (concentration of water) | higher concentration of water outside of the cell |
| surface tension | stronger attractive force of water molecules on the surface of water |
| capillary action | upward movement of water through narrow tubes in plants. |
| solvent | a substance that dissolves another |
| solute | the substance being dissolved |
| solution | the solute and solvent mixed together |
| hydrophobic | will not mix with water; "water fearing" |
| hydrophilic | mixes with water; "water loving" |
| homeostasis | state of maintaining constant, stable, balanced conditions for survival; also called "dynamic equilibrium" |
| polar/polarity | having unequal/uneven distribution of charges (+ and -) |
| Cohesion | water molecules sticking to other water molecules |
| adhesion | water molecules sticking to other things |
| pH | measure of how acidic or basic a substance is |
| acid | pH below 7 |
| base | pH above 7 |
| Neutral | pH of 7 |
| atom | basic building blocks of all matter |
| element | basic substance that cannot be broken down any further. |
| Reactant | what you start a chemical reaction with; on left side of the arrow |
| Product | what you end end the reaction with; on right side of arrow. |
Created by:
jsills