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Earth Science Vocab.

ISAT Earth Science Vocabulary

TermDefinition
foliation the segregation of minerals in a metamorphic rock giving it a layered appearance
lithification the process by which sediments are compacted and cemented together
weathering the process of wearing away rocks by natural processes
erosion the process of wearing away and removing sediment by wind, water, or ice
sediment a particle formed from the weathering of a pre-existing rock
deposition the process by which sediments are placed onto a surface
decomposition to cause something to be slowly destroyed and broken down by natural processe
quartzite an extremely compact, hard, granular rock consisting essentially of quartz (parent rock sandstone)
gneiss a medium to course grained metamorphic rock. Shale is the typical parent rock
mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks
chemical weathering Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together, causing them to fall apart, forming smaller and smaller pieces
luster the reflection of light from a mineral's surface
streak the color of a mineral's powder when scratched on a white tile
hardness the resistance of a mineral to being scratched
marble a metamorphic rock formed when limestone is exposed to high temperatures and pressure
limestone a sedimentary rock, which means it was formed from small particles of rock or stone that have been compacted by pressure
crystals form when the liquid rock from inside the earth cool and harden
geologist a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes and history that have shaped it
texture how a rock feels when you touch it. examples:soft, hard, rough or smooth
Mohl's Hardness Scale a scale that characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material
Created by: crazydays
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