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Evolution 2

TermDefinition
Speciation The process of one species giving rise to another
Species a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
geographic isolation A population of organisms that is separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species by a physical barrier. A common way for speciation to begin.
Reproductive isolation The inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to behavioral and physiological barriers or differences.
Lamark's Theory of Evolution Individual organisms altered their behavior in response to environmental change. Their changed behavior, in turn, modified their organs, and their offspring inherited those "improved" structures.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution All species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
Evidence of Ancestry Genetic data, embryology and vestigial structures are all used to support a common origin.
Comparative Embryology The study comparing embryo development across species.
Vestigial structure an anatomical feature that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism of the given species. It may have performed some important function in the organism at one point in the past.
Homologous structure An organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor.
Genetic drift a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance
mimicry structural adaptation that allows one species to resemble another species.
adaptation a beneficial mutation that increases and organism's fitness
fitness an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
coevolution two or more species evolve together
convergent evolution process by which two or more species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment
divergent evolution process by which two or more species become more and more dissimilar
analogous structure structures in more than one species that have a similar appearance and function but different embryological origin
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