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Ch. 11 SG
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the composition of atmosphere? | 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% of other gases |
| What varies depending on location and time? | Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone levels |
| What are other gases in atmosphere | Hydrogen, methane, helium, neon, krypton, and argon |
| What are the compound gases in the atmosphere? | Carbon dioxide and water vapor |
| Why are carbon dioxide and water vapor important? | They affect how much energy the atmosphere absorbs |
| What gas varies from 0-5%? | Water Vapor |
| What is the ratio of water vapor in the air to how much could be in the air? | Relative Humidity |
| What is any form of liquid or solid falling from the sky; EX: hail, sleet, rain? | Precipitation |
| What layer of the atmosphere has life forms, weather, and is 75% of atmosphere? | Troposphere |
| What is the layer that has the ozone layer and is 24% of atmosphere? | Stratosphere |
| What layer is cold, has a few molecules, and shooting stars burn up there? | Mesosphere |
| What layer has fewer molecules, large temperature fluctuations, and absorbs solar radiation? | Thermosphere |
| What layer has occasional molecules gradually escaping into space? | Exosphere |
| What are the 3 types of Heat Transfer? | Convection, Conduction, and Radiation |
| What is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves? | Radiation |
| What is energy transferred by direct contact (EX. metal pot)? | Conduction |
| What is energy is transferred by the mass motion of molecules (EX. boiling water)? | Convection |
| What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material? | Temperature |
| What are the boiling and freezing temperatures for Fahrenheit? | 212 degrees and 32 degrees |
| What is 212 degrees Fahrenheit? | Boiling point of water |
| What is 32 degrees Fahrenheit? | Freezing point of water |
| Low, middle, and high are all types of what? | Clouds |
| What are the types of clouds that are all liquid water or a mix of liquid water and ice | Middle Altocumulus and Altostratus |
| What 2 processes remove water vapor from the air? | Evaporation and Condensation |
| When thinking of atmospheric stability, heating from below promotes what? | Atmospheric Instability |
| What is the Water Cycle? | The continual movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. |
| What forms as most warm moist air rises, expands, and cools with the water vapor in the air condensing on condensation nuclei? | Clouds |
| What is the process of water that changes it from a liquid to a gas using thermal energy? | Evaporation |
| What are all solid and liquid forms of water that falls from the clouds? | Precipitation |
| What is photochemical smog? | Chemical mix with sunlight and make pollution |
| What is energy transferred by direct contact; EX. metal pot? | Conduction |
| What is energy is transferred by the mass motion of molecules? | Convection |
| What is pressure exerted on a surface by the weight of the atmosphere above the surface | Temperature |
| What is an increase in temperature with height | Temperature Inversion |
| What are CFCs? | Chlorofluorocarbons found in hairspray and paint |
| What is evapotranspiration? | Plants let off water |
| What is the wind measured in? | Mph, km, and knots |
| What is temperature? | The measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a material |
| What is temperature measured in? | Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Celsius |
| What are the elements in the atmosphere? | Nitrogen and oxygen |
| What are compounds in the atmosphere? | Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor |
| What is the Greenhouse Effect? | Energy is trapped and causes temperature inversion |
| What are particles in the atmosphere? | Dust, ice, and pollen |
| What are Chlorofluorocarbons? | The abbreviation is CFCs, they react with the ozone, they break down the atmosphere, and are found in hairspray and paint. |
| What is the exosphere? | Layer of the atmosphere that is closest to space |
| What does pollution do to the ozone ? | It destroys it |
| What can cause the Greenhouse Effect? | Smog |
| What is temperature inversion? | The increase of temperature and altitude that is turned upside down |
| What is precipitation? | Rain, snow, sleet, and hail |
| Are CFCs found in refrigerants, paint, and hairspray? | Yes |
| What layer of the atmosphere is closest to space? | Exosphere |
| What exact temperature that represents absolute zero? | Zero degrees Kelvin |
| What reflects energy? | Atmosphere, Clouds, and Earth’s surface |
| About how much energy is absorbed in the atmosphere? | 70% of energy |
| What is relative humidity? | The amount of water vapor the air can hold |
| What are the types of clouds? | Cirrus, Cirocumulus, Cumulus, Altocumulus, Stratus, Cumulonimbus, Nimbostratus, and Stratocumulus |
| What happens to solar energy? | It is either reflected or absorbed |
| What is the stratosphere? | It contains the ozone. |
| What is the troposphere? | It is the closest layer to the Earth’s surface. |
| What are the layers of the atmosphere? | Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere |
| What are the effects of pollution? | It destroys the ozone. |
| Why is there more humidity at the equator? | The warmer air holds more water vapor |
| What does inversely proportional mean? | It means as one number goes up as the other one goes down. |
| What is the ozone? | It is located in the stratosphere and has 3 oxygen molecules. |
| What is orographic lifting? | When air is forced to rise (over barrier) |
| What is atmospheric instability? | Storms normally occur |
| What does saturation mean? | Water vapor in the air reaches the maximum amount |
| What are km, mph, and knots used for? | They help measure wind. |
| Where are clouds located at? | High altitudes |
| What is volume? | The amount of space something occupies |
| What are Middle Altocumulus and Altostratus clouds? | They are types of clouds that are all liquid water or a mix of water and ice. |
| What are types of clouds? | Low, Middle, and High clouds |
| What can energy do? | It can be reflected or absorbed |
| What is dew point? | Temperature that air must be cooled at a constant pressure for saturation |
| What is relative humidity? | The ratio of water vapor in the air to how much could be in the air |
| What is humidity? | Moisture in the air |
| What are the types of energy transfer? | Conduction, Convection, and Radiation |
| What is photochemical smog? | Sun that mixes in air and forms pollution |
| What is a runoff? | Precipitation that reaches the surface but does not infiltrate the soil |
| What is infiltration? | The portion of precipitation that seeps into the ground |
| What is air pressure? | Pressure exerted onto a surface by the weight of the atmosphere above the surface |
| What does the ozone do? | It stops UV lights from entering the atmosphere |
| What is the transfer of energy? | Heat |
| What does heat from below cause? | Instability and thunderstorms |
| What type of energy transfer is through boiling water? | Convection |
Created by:
mjys02
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