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Global Patterns Scie
For Science Test on Global Patterns
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the ability to do work or cause change? | Energy. Energy is never made or destroyed; it just changes from one form to another. |
| What is the energy of motion? | Kinetic Energy |
| What are two examples of kinetic energy? | A bowling ball and Wind pushing a windmill |
| What is energy that is stored and held in readiness? | Potential energy |
| What are two examples of potential energy? | A fat that a bear stores in its body before hibernation and a bow pulled back and ready to shoot an arrow |
| What are the 6 forms of energy? | Mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, chemical, thermal, and nuclear energy |
| What is mechanical energy? Tell an example. | Energy associated with motion and/or energy associated with the position of an object. The bowling ball is moving towards the pins therefore showing the energy associated with the motion of an object which is MECHANICAL energy. |
| What is chemical energy? Tell an example. | Energy stored in the bonds that hold a chemical together. When batteries are connected to a circuit, a reaction between chemicals takes place therefore showing CHEMICAL energy. Anything that is “fuel” has chemical energy. |
| What is electrical energy? Tell an example. | Moving electrical charges, AKA electricity. The light bulb turned on gives off light and electricity showing ELECTRICAL energy. |
| What is electromagnetic energy? Tell an example. | Includes LIGHT, travels as waves, some are not visible such as radio waves, microwaves, or infrared waves. The sun gives off a lot of light which is ELECTROMAGNETIC energy. |
| What is thermal energy? Tell an example. | “The energy in the particles of an object.” When there is more thermal energy, the particles move faster. We “sense” thermal energy as heat or warmth. The burning stove is giving off heat therefore showing THERMAL energy. |
| What is nuclear energy? Tell an example. | Energy stored in the nucleus or core of an atom. This energy is released when the nucleiof atoms fuse (join together) or split apart. The atoms in the sun go through nuclear reactions which are a source of NUCLEAR energy. |
| Describe the path of energy from the sun to a light bulb by way of a windmill. Which form is the energy being converted into during each step? | Nuclear to electromagnetic in the sun, Electromagnetic to thermal in the atmosphere, Thermal to mechanical when wind moves, Mechanical to electrical in a wind turbine, Electrical to electromagnetic in a light bulb |
| What happens to water (liquid) that gains energy? | The water evaporates (changes from liquid to a gas). |
| What happens to water vapor (gas) that loses energy? | The water condenses (changes from a gas to a liquid) and may eventually freeze (change from a liquid to a solid). |
| Describe what happens when cold water is on top of warm water. Explain why this happens. | The warm water will rise and the cold water will sink because the warm water is less dense. This will cause the water to become mixed, with an even temperature. |
| Describe what happens when warm water is on top of cold water. Explain why this happens. | The cold water will remain on the bottom because it is more dense and the warm water will remain floating on top because it is less dense. |
| Describe what happens when salt water is on top of fresh water. Explain why this happens. | The salt water is more dense than fresh water, so the salt water sinks. |
| Describe what happens when fresh water is on top of salt water. Explain why this happens. | The fresh water is less dense than the salt water so it “floats” or remains on top of the salt water. |
| Describe what drives deep water currents. | Different densities – cold water at the poles sinks, pushing deep water around. |
| Describe what drives surface water currents. | Wind |
| What form of energy do we get from the sun? | Electromagnetic |
| Describe the types of heat transfer that take place from the sun to our atmosphere. Use the words radiation, conduction, and convection. | The sun’s energy heats the ground via radiation. The air molecules touching the ground are heated by conduction. The warm air molecules move up and around, heating the atmosphere by convection. |
| Define wind. | The horizontal movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. |
| Which is denser, cold air or warm air? | Cold air |
| Which has greater pressure, cold air or warm air? | Warm air |
| If the air over the ocean is 22 degrees and the air over the land is 28 degrees, which way will the wind blow? Why? What would we call this wind? | Direction: From the ocean to the land Reason: The air over the ocean is more dense, so it will spread out and push under the warm air over the land. The warm air over the land will rise. Name: Sea Breeze |
| Define Tornado | A narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from the base of a cloud to the ground. |
| List 5 conditions under which it is likely a tornado will form (time, place, or weather phenomena). | Spring or Summer Late afternoon After a thunderstorm In Tornado Alley (mid west/Southern US Where cold dry and warm moist air meet |
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