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Chapter 8 Vocab
Biology Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleotide | small units, monomers, that make up DNA |
| Double helix | two strands of DNA that shows the structure of DNA |
| Base pairing rules | Thymine always pairs with adenine and cytosine always pairs with guanine |
| Replication | The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
| DNA polymerase | a group of enzymes that bond the new nucleotides together |
| Central dogma | information flows one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a chain of nucleotides |
| Transcription | the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce complementary strand of RNA |
| RNA polymerase | enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
| Messenger RNA | an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
| Ribosomal RNA | forms part of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories |
| Transfer RNA | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein. |
| Translation | the process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
| Codon | a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
| Stop codons | signal the end of the amino acid chain |
| Start codon | signals the start of translation and the amino acid methionine |
| Anticodon | a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon |
Created by:
AnakinFry
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