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ES Chapter 6
Rocks and Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mineral (rules, 5) | a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
| Inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| Crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a patterns that repeats again and again |
| Streak | the color of a mineral’s powder |
| Luster | the way a mineral reflects light from its surface |
| Mohs Hardness Scale | a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals |
| Cleavage | a mineral’s ability to split easily along flat surfaces |
| Fracture | A mineral that breaks apart in an irregular way |
| Density | the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume |
| Crystal Structure | created due to repeating pattern of atoms in mineral |
| Geode | a hollow rock inside which mineral crystals have grown |
| Crystallization | the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure |
| Solution | a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout; a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another |
| Vein | a narrow deposit of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock |
| Granite | a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust |
| Basalt | a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust |
| Texture | the look and feel of a rock’s surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock’s grain |
| Grains | the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture |
| Fine Grains | rocks have grains that are so small they can be seen only with a microscope - Identifies rock as extrusive |
| Coarse Grains | rocks with grains that are large and easy to see - identifies rocks as intrusive |
| Foliated (banded) | where rock grains can lie in a pattern of flat layers or can form swirls or colored bands -metamorphic |
| Nonfoliated (nonbanded) | rock grains that do not lie in any visible pattern |
| Igneous | Formed when magma/lava cools |
| Sedimentary | Formed when sediments are compacted |
| Metamorphic | Formed when a rock is put under extreme heat and pressure |
| Rock Cycle | The cycle of how rocks form and change |
| Compound | A combination of 2 or more elements |
| Mineral requirements (5) | 1. Solid 2. Crystalline Structure 3. Formed inorganically 4. Naturally occurring 5. Definite chemical composition. |
| Properties of a mineral (know what they are) | Streak, Luster, Hardness, Density, Crystalline Structure, Cleavage |
| What mineral is the softest? | Talc |
| What mineral is the hardest? | Diamond |
| How do you calculate density? | M/V |
| Why is color not a reliable property for identifying minerals? | It varies even on the same mineral types |
| List and describe the three ways that minerals form. | 1. Organic Processes (coal, limestone) 2. Solution (elements dissolved in water then water evaporates and leaves minerals behind) 3. Magma/Lava cools |
| What causes crystals to be different sizes? (3) | 1. Rate at which magma/lava cools (slow=big, fast=small) |
| What is a rock? | A substance made up of mixtures of minerals and other materials that cannot be classified as minerals |
| What information does color and composition provide? | Color and composition are just some factors in identifying rocks. Color is the least reliable, especially in rocks like granite, where the color depends on the type of minerals contained (composition). |
| Grain Shape | Conglomerate - Smooth and Rounded Breccia - sharp, jagged |
| Conglomerate | Clastic Sedimentary |
| Sandstone | Clastic Sedimentary |
| Breccia | Clastic Sedimentary |
| Coal | Organic/Biological Sedimentary |
| Shale | Igneous Extrusive |
| Granite | Igneous Intrusive |
| Gneiss | Foliated Metamorphic |
| Marble | Non foliated Metamorphic |
| Quarzite | Non foliated Metamorphic |
| Clastic | Cemented Particles |
| Pairs of rock Granite turns to... | Gneiss |
| Shale turns to... | Slate |
| Sandstone turns to.... | Quartzite |
Created by:
flamingocfs
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