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J.Sills DNA/Meiosis
J.Sills DNA and Meiosis Vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
mitosis (reproduction relationship) | process used as a form of asexual reproduction |
mitosis | type of cell division that creates identical cells; for growth, repair, and development; body/somatic cells |
meiosis | special cell division process used to create gametes or sex cells |
interphase | phase of the cell cycle where DNA and chromosomes replicate |
sister chromatids | duplicated chromosomes |
centromere | "glue" that attaches sister chromatids together |
centriole | organelle in animal cells used for cell division; anchors spindle fibers |
spindle fibers | used in cell division to split sister chromatids |
cancer | malignant growth of cells caused by uncontrolled cell division |
prophase I | homologous chromosomes form tetrads and crossing over can occur during this phase |
homologous chromosomes | pairs of chromosomes; chromosomes from the male parent that match the chromosomes from the female parent |
46 | number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell |
diploid | full set of chromosomes; body cells; 2n |
haploid | sex cell with half the normal number of chromosomes; n; ha = half |
sex cells | gametes |
sperm | male gamete |
egg | female gamete |
n | number of chromosomes in a haploid cell |
2n | number of chromosomes in a diploid cell |
somatic cell | normal body cell |
karyotype | visual picture of chromosomes arranged by size and homologous pairs |
23 | number of chromosomes in a human gamete cell |
fertilization | joining of sperm and egg |
zygote | fertilized egg; first cell of new life |
embryo | stage of development after zygote |
pollination | fertilization in plant cells |
crossing over | occurs during prophase I; genes break off and attach at new sites on different chromosomes |
nondisjunction | error caused when chromosomes do not separate correctly during division |
autosomes | normal chromosomes; 22 pairs in humans |
sex chromosomes | special pair of chromosomes that determine gender |
XX | female sex chromosomes |
XY | male sex chromosomes |
DNA | nucleic acid that contains all of an organism's genetic instructions and information. The "code of life" |
double helix | shape of a DNA molecule (a twisted ladder) |
gene | a segment of DNA that codes for certain traits |
chromosome | made up of DNA and contains genes; found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
gonads | organs where sex cells are produced and stored |
codon | one set of 3 bases that code for an amino acid; (A-U-G = 1 codon) |
ovary | female gonad |
testes | male gonad |