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J.Sills DNA/Meiosis
J.Sills DNA and Meiosis Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mitosis (reproduction relationship) | process used as a form of asexual reproduction |
| mitosis | type of cell division that creates identical cells; for growth, repair, and development; body/somatic cells |
| meiosis | special cell division process used to create gametes or sex cells |
| interphase | phase of the cell cycle where DNA and chromosomes replicate |
| sister chromatids | duplicated chromosomes |
| centromere | "glue" that attaches sister chromatids together |
| centriole | organelle in animal cells used for cell division |
| spindle fibers | used in cell division to split sister chromatids |
| cancer | malignant growth of cells caused by uncontrolled cell division |
| prophase I | homologous chromosomes form tetrads and crossing over can occur during this phase |
| homologous chromosomes | pairs of chromosomes; chromosomes from the male parent that match the chromosomes from the female parent |
| 46 | number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell |
| diploid | full set of chromosomes; body cells; 2n |
| haploid | sex cell with half the normal number of chromosomes; n; ha = half |
| sex cells | gametes |
| sperm | male gamete |
| egg | female gamete |
| n | number of chromosomes in a haploid cell |
| 2n | number of chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| somatic cell | normal body cell |
| karyotype | visual picture of chromosomes arranged by size and homologous pairs |
| 23 | number of chromosomes in a human gamete cell |
| fertilization | joining of sperm and egg |
| zygote | fertilized egg; first cell of new life |
| embryo | earliest stage of development after zygote |
| pollination | fertilization in plant cells |
| crossing over | occurs during prophase I; genes break off and attach at new sites on different chromosomes |
| nondisjunction | error caused when chromosomes do not separate correctly during division |
| autosomes | normal chromosomes; 22 pairs in humans |
| sex chromosomes | special pair of chromosomes that determine gender |
| XX | female sex chromosomes |
| XY | male sex chromosomes |
| DNA | type of nucleic acid that contains all of an organism's genetic instructions and information |
| double helix | shape of a DNA molecule |
| gene | a segment of DNA that controls certain traits |
| chromosome | made up of DNA and contains genes; found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
| gonads | organs where sex cells are produced and stored |
| codon | one set of 3 bases that code for an amino acid; (A-U-G = 1 codon) |
| ovary | female gonad |
| testes | male gonad |
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jsills