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Science Evo. Test
Science 03/10/09 Evolution Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a theory? | A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world. |
| How old do scientists believe the earth is? How do they know? | 4.6 Billion years old. Rock data, environmental changes. |
| What is a phrase known for natural selection? | Survival of the fittest. |
| What does natural selection mean? | That only certain members of the population will survive and reproduce. |
| What happens if an organism reproduces? | The traits of that organism are passed to the next generation. |
| What happens to traits that are more favorable? | They become more prevalent within that population. |
| What happens in the environment changes? | The organisms must adapt to the environment. |
| Adaptation is a what kind of process? | A very slow process. IT doesn't occur over night. Many generations must pass before any change in the population can be seen. |
| What are the two versions of the moth? | Black and peppered. |
| What happened to the moths? | The population changed during the industrial revolution in England. |
| What happens over time with natural selection? | It produces organisms that have different structures, niches, or occupy different habitats. |
| Explain about James Hutton. | 1785-Proposed that the earth is millions of years old. |
| Explain about Thomas Malthus. | 1798-Proposed that populations outgrew their food supplies causing competition between organisms and a struggle for one species to survive against another. |
| Explain about Jean-Baptiste Lamark. | 1809-Believed that all life forms evolved and that the driving force of evolution was the inheritance of acquired characteristics. He believed that organisms changed due to the demands of their environment. |
| Explain about Lylle. | 1833-Proposed that plant and animal species had arisen, developed variations, and the became extinct over time. Also believed that the earth's physical landscape changed over a long period of time. |
| Explain about Alfred Russel Wallace. | 1858-Emphasis was based on the idea of a competition for resources as the main force natural selection. |
| Explain about Charles Darwin. | 1859-Publishes "On the Origin of Species". |
| Quote from "On the Origin of Species". | "I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful is preserved by the term natural selection". |
| What did CD do from 1831 to 1836? | He served as a naturalist aboard the H.M.S. Beagle on a British science expedition around the world. |
| What did CD find in South America? | Fossils of extinct animals that were similar to modern species. |
| What did he notice on the Galapagos Islands? | Many variations among plant and animals of the same general type as those in South America. |
| Define Evolution. | Changes in organisms over time. |
| What is an Adaptation? | A trait that makes a living thing better able to survive in tit's surroundings. |
| What is another word for Artificial Selection? | Selective Breeding. |
| What are the 3 things used as evidence? | Fossil Records, Embryology, Comparative Anatomy. |
| What are fossil records? | Fossils that show how the same organism was millions of years ago. |
| How do you find fossil records? | Paleontology, Using Rock Layers, & Isotope Dating. |
| What is another way to say comparative anatomy? | Homologous Structures. |
| What are homologous structures? | Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but have developed form the same type of tissue. |
| What is Embryology? | The early development of the organism. |
| What are vestigial organs? | Organs or structures that don't seem to be used by the organism. They are usually reduced in size. |
| Define Descent with Modification. | Changes that increase a specie's fitness in their environment. |
| How did James Hutton contribute to the thoughts of evolution? | He proposed that the world was millions of years old. |
| What were Lamarck's ideas on how an organism evolved? | He believed that the driving force of evolution was the inheritance of acquired characteristics & that organisms changed due to the demands of their environment. |
| What was the name of the voyage that Darwin traveled for 5 years? | British Science Expedition. |
| What is speciation? | The evolution of new species. |
| What are the 3 speciation mechanisms? | Behavioral, Temporal & Geographical isolation. |
| What is a Gene Pool? | Combined Genetic Information of a particular population. |
| What are the 3 types of evolutions? | Convergent, Divergent, and Coevolution. |
| What is Divergent Evolution? | When starts with same tissue, and evolve into different functions. |
| What is Convergent Evolution? | When starts with different tissue and evolves into same functions. |
| What is Coevolution? | Joint change of two or more species in close interactions. |
| Compare and Contrast Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium. | Species with a shorter evolution evolved mostly by PE, & species with a longer evolution evolved mostly by gradualism. |
| What does Endosymbiosis explain? | That Eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organism. |
| Who gave evidence of endosymbiosis? | Lynn Margulis. |
| What is evidence of endosymbiosis? | Mitochondria and Chloroplast have DNA that is similar to that of bacteria. They have ribosomes like bacteria. They reproduce independently by binary fission, like bacteria. |
Created by:
Bryan.Klein
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