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Plate Tectonics
Unit 7 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Asthenosphere | Layer on which the lithospheric plates float around |
Continental Drift | Process of the continents drifting apart |
Lithosphere | 100-kilometer-thick, rigid layer of Earth's surface |
Pangaea | Island of early Earth |
Plate | A large section of Earth's crust |
Plate Tectonics | Earth's crust and mantle are broken into layers |
Seafloor Spreading | Ocean floors formed by magma being forced upward |
Earthquake | A tremor caused by movement of tectonic plates |
Epicenter | Location directly above an earthquake's focus |
Fault | When rocks break |
Focus | Energy is released in seismic waves |
Magnitude | Measure of energy during an earthquake |
Normal Fault | Break in rock caused by tension forces |
Reverse Fault | Break in rock caused by compressive forces |
Seismic Wave | Earthquake-generated waves |
Seismograph | Used to register earthquake waves |
Strike-Slip Fault | Break in rock caused by shear forces |
Tsunami | Seismic sea wave |
Batholith | Largest intrusive igneous rock body |
Caldera | Forms when a volcano's top collapses |
Cinder Cone Volcano | Steep-sided volcano |
Dike | A type of feature of igneous rock |
Hot Spot | Unusually hot area between Earth's core and crust |
Shield Volcano | Volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava |
Sill | Igneous rock feature formed when magma is squeezed into cracks in horizontal layers |
Volcano | Opening in Earth's crust where lava can flow out |