The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.

The gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.

The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

A hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods.

Each of the several rigid pieces of the earth's lithosphere that together make up the earth's surface.

A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.

The formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.

A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.

The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

(Of a rock formation) be broken by a fault or faults.

The point of origin of an earthquake.

The great size or extent of something.

A geologic fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall.

A geologic fault in which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall.

An elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.

An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.

A fault in which rock strata are displaced mainly in a horizontal direction, parallel to the line of the fault.

A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.

A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust.

A large volcanic crater, typically one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano.

A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent.

An intrusion of igneous rock cutting across existing strata.

An area of volcanic activity, especially where this is isolated.

A broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.

A tabular sheet of igneous rock intruded between and parallel with the existing strata.

A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

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Plate Tectonics U7

C-Unit 7 Vocabulary For Plate Tectonics

Question	Answer
Asthenosphere	The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
Continental Drift	The gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.
Lithosphere	The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
Pangaea	A hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods.
Plate	Each of the several rigid pieces of the earth's lithosphere that together make up the earth's surface.
Plate Tectonics	A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.
Seafloor Spreading	The formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
Earthquake	A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
Epicenter	The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
Fault	(Of a rock formation) be broken by a fault or faults.
Focus	The point of origin of an earthquake.
Magnitude	The great size or extent of something.
Normal Fault	A geologic fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall.
Reverse Fault	A geologic fault in which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall.
Seismic Wave	An elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
Seismograph	An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
Strike-Slip Fault	A fault in which rock strata are displaced mainly in a horizontal direction, parallel to the line of the fault.
Tsunami	A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
Batholith	A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust.
Caldera	A large volcanic crater, typically one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano.
Cinder Cone Volcano	A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent.
Dike	An intrusion of igneous rock cutting across existing strata.
Hot Spot	An area of volcanic activity, especially where this is isolated.
Shield Volcano	A broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.
Sill	A tabular sheet of igneous rock intruded between and parallel with the existing strata.
Volcano	A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

Created by: 3082022

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