Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Public Health Exam2
Chp 14, 15, 19, 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antigenic drift | Slow and progressive genetic changes that take place in DNA and RNA as organisms replicate in multiple hosts |
| Antigenic shift | Sudden change in the molecular structure of DNA and RNA in microorganisms, resulting in a new strain of the microorganism |
| Convergence model | Model illustrating the interaction of 13 factors that contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases |
| Directly observed therapy | Observation of clients to ensure that they ingest each dose of anti-TB medication to maximize the likelihood of completion of therapy |
| Ecosystem | Natural unit consisting of all living things (plants, animals, bacteria, viruses) interacting with, and dependent on, one another for survival within their nonliving environment |
| Emerging infectious disease | Newly identified clinically distinct infectious disease, or the reappearance (reemergence) of a known infectious disease after its decline, with an incidence that is increasing in a certain geographic area or among a specific population |
| Herd immunity | Type of immunity in which a large proportion of people in a population are not susceptible to a communicable disease and the few people who are susceptible will not likely be exposed and contract the illness |
| Microbial adaptation | Process by which organisms adjust and change to their environment |
| Pandemic | Epidemic occurring worldwide |
| Carrier | A person or animal that harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others, although having no symptoms of the disease |
| Colonization | The presence and multiplication of infectious organisms without invading or causing damage to tissue |
| Common source outbreak | An outbreak characterized by exposure to a common, harmful substance |
| Contagious | Communicable by direct or indirect contact |
| Endemic | The constant or usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or geographic area |
| Epidemic | Significant increase in the number of new cases of a disease than past experience would have predicted for that place, time, or 251 252 population; an increase in incidence beyond that which is expected |
| Healthcare-associated infection | Originating in a healthcare facility; formerly called nosocomial infection |
| Incubation period | Time period between initial contact with the infectious agent and the appearance of the first signs or symptoms of the disease |
| Infectious disease | Presence and replication of an infectious agent in the tissues of a host, with manifestation of signs and symptoms |
| Pathogenicity | Ability of the agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host |
| Propagated outbreak | Outbreak resulting from direct or indirect transmission of an infectious agent from an infected person to a susceptible host; secondary infections can occur |
| Reservoir | Location where an infectious agent is normally found, where it lives and reproduces under normal circumstances |
| Secondary infection | Infections that occur within the accepted incubation period following exposure to a primary case |
| Surveillance | A continual dynamic method for gathering data about the health of the general public for the purpose of primary prevention of illness |
| Transmission | The transfer of an infectious agent from one person or place to another |
| Bioavailability | The amount of a substance that is absorbed or becomes available at the site of physiological activity |
| Biomonitoring | Process of using medical tests such as blood or urine collection to determine whether a person has been exposed to a contaminant and how much exposure he or she has received |
| Environmental epidemiology | Field of public health science that focuses on the incidence and prevalence of disease or illness in a population from exposures in their environments |
| Environmental health | A field of public health science that focuses on how the environment influences human health |
| Environmental justice | The belief that no group of people should bear a disproportionate share of negative environmental health consequences (regardless of race, culture, or income) |
| Exposure | The total amount of a contaminant that comes in direct contact with the body |
| Exposure estimate | Factors that determine a person’s level of exposure to a contaminant |
| Exposure pathway | Method by which people are exposed to an environmental contaminant that originates from a specific source |
| Exposure history | Process to help determine whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants |
| Precautionary principle | If something has the potential to cause harm to humans or the environment, then precautionary measures should be taken even if there is a lack of scientific evidence for cause and effect |
| Healthy communities | Communities that optimize the physical, social, and economic environments of the community |
| Risk assessment | Process to determine the likelihood or probability that adverse effects such as illness or disease will occur in a group of people because of an exposure to an environmental contaminant |
| Toxicology | The study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment |
| After-action report | Retrospective analysis used to evaluate emergency response drills |
| Decontamination | Process of cleaning to remove biologic, chemical, or radiologic agents |
| Evacuation | Moving people from a dangerous place to safety |
| Incident command system (ICS) | Common organizational structure implemented to improve emergency response |
| Invacuation | Moving people from one area to another within the same facility |
| National Response Framework (NRF) | Framework that guides how the nation conducts all-hazards incident response |
| National Incident Management System (NIMS) | Structured, flexible framework that guides the response to disasters at all levels of government, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Clothing and/or equipment used to protect the body from injury and illness |
| Point of distribution (POD) | Centralized location where the public picks up emergency supplies following a disaster |
| Real time | The actual time in which something occurs |
| Scenario | The sequence of possible events or circumstances |
| Shelter in place | The protective action of taking cover in a building |
| Simulation | The imitation of the features of an object or anticipated response |
| Surveillance | A process to document and track changing information to prevent injury and illness |
| Terrorism | The use of threats and/or violence to intimidate or coerce society for political purposes |
Created by:
Malina13
Popular Nursing sets