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Chapter Exam 1-13
BIO31 Human Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy Exam1A 1. An angiogram is a specialized x-ray procedure that shows ___. | blood vessels |
| 2. Name the regions of the body visible in the figure below. | arm, thorax, abdomen (trunk) |
| 3. What plane of section is shown in the figure below? | horizontal / transverse |
| 4. Is the nasal cavity lined with mucous membrane or serous membrane? Explain your answer. | mucous membrane – open to outside |
| 5. Is the sonogram below a 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, or a 1-dimensional image? Explain. | 3-D image, shows LxWxH |
| 6. Explain what 3-D reconstruction is. | 3-D reconstruction=interpreting 2-D images into 3-D shapes |
| 7. The neck is ___ to the chest. | superior |
| 8. The ankle is ___ to the knee. | distal |
| 9. Name the four basic tissue types. | epithelium, CT, muscle, nerve |
| 10. Describe one difference between histology and cytology. | histology: LM, tissue structure cytology: EM, cell structure |
| 11. What best describes an artery: cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism? Explain | organ, contains different tissues |
| 12. Describe cytokinesis. Chapter 2: Cell Structure | cell division |
| 13. Describe the function of nuclear pores. | nuclear pores allow communication between cytoplasm and nucleus |
| 14. Describe the function of microvilli. | microvilli ↑ surface area |
| 15. Describe the function of cilia. | cilia transport mucus |
| 16. What is the function of the structures below? | (rER/ribosomes) protein synthesis |
| 17. Name the structure at the arrow below and describe its function. | mitochondrion, produces ATP |
| 18. Name an organelle that breaks down molecules. | (breaks down molecules) lysosomes, mitochondria |
| 19. Name two examples of transport into a cell. | 2 transport into cell: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, diffusion, ion pumps, facilitated diffusion |
| 20. Name two examples of passive transport across a plasma membrane. | 2 passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion |
| 21. Identify the molecules at the arrow below and describe one property of the molecules. | fatty acid tails of phospholipid molecules, 1 property: nonpolar, hydrophobic |
| 22. The figure below shows a blood smear. Give an estimate of the diameter of the white blood cell at the arrow. Explain how you made your estimate. | WBC ~15-20 µm, 2-3x size of rbc |
| 23. Which image has the largest field of view? Explain. | A – lowest magnification, largest field of view |
| 24. If one sheet of paper is 100 µm thick, how high is a stack of 500 sheets of paper, in mm? Show your work. | 500x100=50,000 µm = 50 mm |
| Chapter 4: Tissue 25. Where are lacunae located? | lacunae are located in cartilage extracellular matrix (also bone tissue) |
| 26. Special stains are needed to see | B. Reticular fibers D. Elastic fibers |
| 27. Dense regular connective tissue | D. Is found in the Achilles tendon . E. Makes up the anterior cruciate ligament |
| 28. A microscopic view of adipose tissue | A. Is full of artifacts C. Has more similarities to adrenal cortex cells than liver cells |
| 29. Reticular fibers | None |
| 30. Connective tissue | C. Forms the skeletal system D. Is located within the lumen of blood vessels |
| 31. Which of the following applies to epithelium but not to connective tissue? | B. Cells are attached to each other E.Tissue has an apical surface |
| 32. What does “transitional” mean in transitional epithelium? | transitional” means changes shape of cells |
| 33. Which of the following has/have one layer of cells? | C. Simple squamous epithelium D. Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium E. Simple columnar epithelium F. A blood smear preparation |
| Chapter 5: Integumentary System 1 . How could you test a patient’s skin for signs of dehydration? | pinch skin, if fold persists is sign of dehydration |
| 2. How could a patient’s skin indicate liver problems? | jaundice |
| 3. What does cyanotic skin indicate? | low oxygen level |
| 4. What is the function of melanin in the skin? | Protect DNA form UV ray damage |
| 5. Describe one function of the stratum basales of the epidermis. | 1: mitosis, contains melanocytes |
| 6. What skin structure has the function of excretion? | sweat glands |
| 7. How can the body raise calcium levels? Chapter 6: Bone Tissue | D. Osteoclasts become activated |
| 8. Bony trabeculae are covered by | None of the above |
| 9. The structural & function unit of compact bone is called___. | Harversian system / osteon |
| 10. The inorganic component of bone is ___. | calcium phosphate |
| 11. Describe the epiphysis. | ends of long bones |
| 12. What is the function of red bone marrow? | hemopoiesis |
| Chapter 8 & 9: Appendicular Skeleton & Joints 13. Describe the bones that form the sternal notch. | clavicles and manubrium |
| 14. The ___ bones make up the hand. | metacarpals |
| 15. Throwing a ball overhand or underhand is movement at the shoulder joint called ___. | circumduction |
| 16. Describe the movement of bones during pronation. | radius rotates over ulna |
| 17. Name the bony attachments of the inguinal ligament. | ant sup iliac spine and pubic tubercle |
| 18. Describe the position of the knee and whether it is right or left. | flexed, left |
| 19. Describe inversion at the ankle joint and name the bones involved. | sole facing medially, talus + fibula + tibia |
| 20. Name the layers at the arrow. | fibrous layer, synovial membrane |
| Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton 21. There are ___ pairs of false ribs. | 5 |
| 22. The sternum | D. Participates in a synovial joint |
| 23. The sacral curvature is | A. Concave anteriorly |
| 24. Name the bones involved in head rotation. | atlas and axis |
| 25. Identify the structure at the arrow. | nucleus pulposis |
| 26. Identify the structure at the arrow below. "fetal skull Figure" | sphenoid fontanel |
| 27. Identify the structure at the arrow below. "Woman's Facial figure" | maxillary sinus |
| 28. Identify the bone at the arrow below. "Axial Skull Figure" | vomer |
| 29. What is located in the area at the arrow below? "Axial Skull Figure" | air / mucous membrane |
| Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue 30. A motor unit: | C. Has one motor neuron D. is excited by acetylcholine |
| 31. A muscle stretch receptor | A. is called a muscle spindle |
| 32. Calcium | A. Is high in the sarcoplasm during contraction B. Is high in the sarcoplasmic reticulum during relaxation C. Attaches to troponin D. Is necessary for muscle contraction E. Is needed for secretion: All of the above |
| 33. Excitation-contraction coupling includes | C. Activation of acetylcholine receptors. E. Tropomyosin moving away form myosin binding sites on actin |
| 34. Myosin cross bridges | B. Pull actin along the myosin myofilament. D. Are connected to myosin tails |
| 35. The A band of a sarcomere | B. Contains both actin and myosin. D. Contains the H band . E. Is the same length as myosin myofilaments. |
| 36. Myofibrils | A. Are organized into sarcomeres. C. Are surrounded by T-tubles. D. Shorten during contraction. |
| 37. Skeletal muscle tissue | A. Can be stretched. B. Is elastic. E. Is excited. |
| Chapter 11: Axial Muscles 38. Name two abdominal muscles used during sit-ups. | external oblique + rectus abdominus |
| 39. Describe the action of the diaphragm during exhaling. | relaxation |
| 40. Describe the function of the intercostal muscles. | help breathing |
| 41. The muscle at the white arrow below "Woman's Upper neck muscle structure" | A. Inserts on the left temporal bone. D. Causes head rotation to the right. |
| 42. The pharyngeal constrictors have attachments to | A. Mandible B. Thyroid cartilage C. Median raphe D. Hyoid bone E. Pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone: all of the above. |
| 43. Name two features (origin, insertion, action) that apply to both styloglossus and hyoglossus, but not to any other muscle that we studied. | 2: insert on tongue, retract tongue |
| 44. Describe the origin of the masseter muscle. | zygomatic arch |
| 45. Describe the insertion of the temporalis muscle. | coronoid process of the mandible |
| 46. Describe the origin of the extrinsic eye muscles. | common tendinous ring at optic foramen |
| 47. Describe the action of the muscle at the white arrow below. " Male Facial Structure" | close eyes |
| 48. Name the muscle at the black arrow above. " Male Facial Structure" | orbicularis oris |
| 49. The biceps muscle is a Review Questions 49-55 | C. Organs: composed of several tissues |
| 50. What is the plane of section for the figure below? | None. |
| 51. Which is an integral protein? | A. Acetylcholine receptors |
| 52. Which process doesn’t fit in the list below? Explain your answer. | C. Osmosis |
| 53. Name the two components of extracellular matrix. | 2: fibers and ground substance |
| 54. Describe an example of an artifact. | 1 artifact: dust, wrinkle, shrinkage, tear |
| 55. Describe an example of stratified columnar epithelium. | None. |
Created by:
Rodney C
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